Hippocrates of Kos ( ; Greece: ????????????? ????????????????? Ã, HippokrÃÆ'¡t ho? os ; c. 460 Ã, - c. 370 BC ), also known as Hippocrates II, is a physician Greece of the Peric- ic Period (Classical Greece), and is considered one of the most prominent figures in the history of medicine. He is often referred to as "Father of Medicine" in recognition of his lasting contribution in the field as the founder of the Hippocratic School of Medicine. This intellectual school revolutionized medicine in ancient Greece, setting it as a discipline distinct from other traditionally related fields (liturgy and philosophy), thus establishing medicine as a profession.
However, the achievements of the writers of Corpus, the practitioners of Hippocratic medicine and Hippocrates's own actions often mix; so very little is known about what Hippocrates really thought, wrote, and did. Hippocrates is generally described as an example of an ancient physician, and is credited with combining the Hippocratic Oath, which is still relevant and in use today. He is also credited with greatly advancing the systematic study of clinical medicine, summing up medical knowledge from previous schools, and prescribing practice to doctors through Corpus Hippocratic and other works.
Video Hippocrates
Biography
Historians agree that Hippocrates was born around 460 BC on the Greek island of Kos; other biographical information, however, does not seem to be true.
Soranus of Ephesus, a 2nd century Greek physician, was Hippocrates' first biographer and was the most personal source of information about him. Later biographies are in Suda from the 10th century, and in the works of John Tzetzes, dating from the 12th century. Hippocrates is mentioned in passage in the writings of two contemporaries: Plato, in "Protagoras" and "Phaedrus", and "Politics" of Aristotle, dating from the 4th century BC.
Soranus writes that Hippocrates's father was Heraclides, a doctor, and his mother was Praxitela, Tizane's daughter. Two sons of Hippocrates, Thessalus and Draco, and his son-in-law, Polybus, were his disciples. According to Galen, a later physician, Polybus was the true successor of Hippocrates, while Thessalus and Draco each had a son named Hippocrates (Hippocrates III and IV).
Soranus says that Hippocrates studied medicine from his father and grandfather (Hippocrates I), and studied other subjects with Democritus and Gorgias. Hippocrates was probably trained in Asklepieion of Kos, and took lessons from Thracian Herodicus physician from Selymbria. Plato mentions Hippocrates in his two dialogues: in Protagoras , Plato describes Hippocrates as "Hippocrates of Kos, Asclepiad"; while at Phaedrus , Plato suggested that "Hippocrates the Asclepiad" thinks that complete knowledge of the nature of the body is necessary for drugs. Hippocrates taught and practiced medicine throughout his life, traveling at least as far as Thessaly, Thrace, and the Sea of ​​Marmara. Several different stories about his death exist. He died, probably in Larissa, at the age of 83, 85 or 90, although some say he lives up to over 100.
Maps Hippocrates
Hippocratic Theory
Hippocrates is credited with being the first to believe that a disease is caused naturally, not by superstition and god. Hippocrates is credited by Pythagorean disciples of philosophy and medicine allied. He separates the medical discipline from religion, believes and argues that illness is not a punishment caused by gods but a product of environmental factors, diet, and living habits. There is not a single mention of the whole mystical disease of Corpus Hippocratic. However, Hippocrates worked with many beliefs based on what is now known as false anatomy and physiology, such as Humorism.
The ancient Greek medical school was divided (into Knidian and Koan) about how to deal with illness. The Knidian medical school focuses on the diagnosis. Medicine at the time of Hippocrates hardly knew the human anatomy and physiology because the Greek taboo forbade human dissection. The Knidian school consequently fails to discriminate when one disease causes many possible sets of symptoms. Hippocratic schools or Koan schools achieve greater success by applying a common diagnosis and passive treatment. The focus is on patient care and prognosis, not diagnosis. Can effectively treat the disease and enable great development in clinical practice.
The hypocritical drug and its philosophy are far from modern medicine. Now, doctors focus on special diagnosis and special care, both of which are supported by Knidian schools. This shift in medical thinking since the day of Hippocrates has caused serious criticism over the last two millennia, with the passive treatment of Hippocrates being the subject of a powerful complaint; for example, the French physician M. S. Houdart called the Hippocratic treatment "meditation upon death".
Crisis
Another important concept in Hippocratic treatment is that of a crisis, a point in the development of a disease in which the disease will begin to prevail and the patient will succumb to death, or otherwise will happen and be natural. the process will make the patient recover. After the crisis, a recurrence will occur, and then another decisive crisis. According to this doctrine, crisis tends to occur on critical days, which should be a fixed time after the contraction of a disease. If a crisis occurs on a day away from critical days , a recurrence may occur. Galen believed that this idea came from Hippocrates, though it is possible that he preceded it.
Hypocritic drugs are humble and passive. The therapeutic approach is based on the "healing power of nature" (" vis medicatrix naturae " in Latin). According to this doctrine, the body contains within itself the power to rebalance four humors and heal itself ( physis ). Hypocritical therapy focuses on easing this natural process. To this end, Hippocrates believed "rest and immobilization [were] of the interests of capital." In general, Hippocratic medicine is very good to patients; the treatment is soft, and emphasizes keeping the patient clean and sterile. For example, only clean water or wine is used in wounds, although "dry" treatment is preferred. A soothing dressing is sometimes used.
Hippocrates is reluctant to administer medicines and engage in special care that may prove to be wrongly selected; Common therapies follow a common diagnosis. Common treatments that are prescribed include fasting and mixed consumption of honey and vinegar. Hippocrates once said that "eating when you are sick, is feeding your sickness." However, potent drugs are used at certain times. This passive approach is very successful in treating relatively simple diseases such as fractures that require traction to stretch the skeletal system and reduce pressure on the injured area. Hippocratic benches and other devices are used for this purpose.
One of the strengths of Hippocratic treatment is its emphasis on prognosis. At the time of Hippocrates, drug therapy was not immature, and often the best thing a doctor could do was evaluate the disease and predict its progress probably based on data collected in detailed case histories.
Professionalism
Hypokratis drugs are renowned for their strict professionalism, discipline, and strict practice. The Hippocratic Work On the Physician recommends that physicians always be good, honest, calm, understanding, and serious. The Hippocratic doctor looked carefully at all aspects of his practice: he followed the detailed specifications for "lighting, personnel, instruments, patient positions, and bandage and splinting techniques" in the ancient operating room. He even keeps his fingernails of the right size.
The Hippocratic School gives importance to the doctrinal doctrine of observation and documentation. These doctrines determine that doctors record their findings and methods of treatment in a very clear and objective way, so that these records can be inherited and employed by other doctors. Hippocrates carefully, regularly records many symptoms including skin, pulse, fever, pain, movement, and excretion. He is said to have measured the patient's pulse rate when taking a case history to find out if the patient was lying. Hippocrates extends clinical observations into the family history and environment. "For him the treatment owes the art of inspection and clinical observation." For this reason, he may be more accurately referred to as "Father of Medicine".
Direct contribution to medicine
Hippocrates and his followers first described many illnesses and medical conditions. She was given credit for the first description of the clubbing fingers, an important diagnostic sign in chronic lung disease, lung cancer and cyanotic heart disease. For this reason, the beaten fingers are sometimes referred to as "Hippocratic radius". Hippocrates was also the first doctor to describe the Hippocratic face in Prognosis. Shakespeare famously alluded to this description when writing the death of Falstaff in Act II, Scene iii. from Henry V .
Hippocrates began categorizing the disease as acute, chronic, endemic and epidemic, and used terms such as, "exacerbation, relapse, resolution, crisis, sudden attack, peak, and recovery." Hippocrates' other major contributions can be found in his description of symptomatology, physical findings, surgical treatments and the prognosis of thoracic empyema, namely the suppuration of the chest cavity. His teachings remain relevant for current lung and surgical lung students. Hippocrates was the first documented thoracic surgeon and findings and techniques, while crude oil, such as the use of tin pipes to dry chest wall abscesses, is still valid.
The Hippocratic School of Medicine explains well the human rectal disease and its treatment, regardless of poor medical theory in school. Hemorrhoids, for example, although believed to be caused by excess bile and mucus, are treated by a Hippocratic doctor in a relatively advanced manner. Cautery and excision are described in the Corpus Hippocratic, in addition to the preferred method: ligation of hemorrhoids and drying them with hot iron. Other treatments such as applying various ointments are recommended as well. Today, "treatment [for hemorrhoids] still includes burning, choking, and excavating." Also, some of the basic concepts of proctoscopy outlined in Corpus are still used. For example, the use of rectum speculum, general medical device, is discussed in Corpus Hippocratic. This is the earliest recorded reference for endoscopy. Hippocrates often uses lifestyle modifications such as diet and exercise to treat diseases such as diabetes, what is now called lifestyle drugs. He is often quoted with "Let food be your medicine, and medicine be your food" and "Walking is the best medicine of man", but the quote "Let the food be your medicine" seems misquoted and the exact origin is still unknown.
Hippocratic Corpus
The Hippocratic Corpus (Latin: Corpus Hippocraticum ) is a collection of about seventy early medical works collected in Alexandria Greece. It was written in Ionic Greek. The question of whether Hippocrates himself was the author of one of the treatises in the corpus has not been answered with certainty, but the current debate revolves around only a few treatises deemed to have the potential. Because of the subject variation, the writing style and the apparent construction date, Corpus Hippocratic is unlikely to be written by one person (the writer's Ermerins number in the nineteen). The corpus came to be known by name because of his fame, perhaps all medical works were classified under 'Hippocrates' by a librarian in Alexandria. Volume may be produced by students and followers.
The Hippocratic Corpus contains textbooks, lectures, research, notes and philosophical essays on various subjects in medicine, in no particular order. These works are written for different audiences, both specialists and lay people, and sometimes written from opposite viewpoints; Significant contradictions can be found among the works at Corpus. Notable among the treatises of the Corpus is Hippocratic Oath ; Prognostic Book ; On the Regimen in Acute Illness ; Pearl Words ; In the Air, Waters and Places ; Reduction Instruments ; On The Sacred Disease ; etc.
Hippocratic Oath
The Hippocratic Oath, a seminal document on the ethics of medical practice, is associated with Hippocrates in antiquity even though new information suggests it may have been written after his death. This is probably the most famous document from Corpus Hippocratic. Recently the origin of the author of the document has been under scrutiny. Although the Oath is rarely used in its original form today, it serves as a basis for oaths and other similar laws that define good medical and moral practice. The derivatives are regularly taken today by medical graduates who will enter the medical practice.
Legacy
Hippocrates is widely regarded as "Father of Medicine". His contribution revolutionized the practice of medicine; but after his death, the progress stalled. What is greatly respected is Hippocrates that his teachings are largely deemed too good to be improved and no significant progress from his method has been made for a long time. Centuries after Hippocrates's death was marked as a retreat movement by further progress. For example, "after the Hippocratic period, the practice of taking clinical cases died," according to Fielding Garrison.
After Hippocrates, the next important physician was Galen, a Greek who lived from 129 to 200 AD Galen perpetuates Hippocratic treatment, moving forward and backward. In the Middle Ages, the Islamic world adopted the Hippocratic method and developed new medical technology. After the Renaissance of Europe, the Hippocratic method was revived in Western Europe and even expanded again in the 19th century. Notable among those using Hippocrates' stringent clinical techniques were Thomas Sydenham, William Heberden, Jean-Martin Charcot and William Osler. Henri Huchard, a French physician, said that this revival formed "the whole history of internal medicine."
Images
According to Aristotle's testimony, Hippocrates is known as "The Great Hippocrates". Regarding disposition, Hippocrates was first described as "a good, dignified, old state doctor" and then as "hard and forbidding". He is certainly considered wise, has a very large intelligence and especially very practical. Francis Adams described it as "an experienced and reasonable doctor."
His shadow as a wise old doctor was reinforced by his sculptures, who wore a large beard on a wrinkled face. Many doctors at that time wore their hair in the style of Jove and Asklepius. Therefore, the statue of Hippocrates that has been found can only be transformed into a portrait version of these gods. Hippocrates and the beliefs he embodies are regarded as medical ideals. Fielding Garrison, an expert in medical history, states, "He is, above all, an example of a flexible, critical, and calm mindset, always looking for sources of error, which are the essence of science. "Her figure... stands all the time as an ideal doctor," according to Brief Medical History, inspired the medical profession since her death.
Legends
The Travels of Sir John Mandeville reported (incorrectly) that Hippocrates was the ruler of the island of "Kos and Lango" [sic], and told the legend about the daughter of Hippocrates. He turned into a 100-foot-tall dragon by the goddess Diana, and was the "hostess" of the old castle. He appears three times a year, and will transform into a woman if a knight kisses him, making his knights into his queen and the rulers of the islands. Various knights tried, but fled when they saw the dreadful dragon; they soon die afterward. This is a version of the Melusine legend.
Pedigree
The legendary lineage of Hippocrates traces his ancestral heritage directly to Asklepius and his ancestors to Heracles. According to Tzetzes Chiliades , ahnentafel Hippocrates II is:
1. 2 Galen. "Bapak Kedokteran" Sites 2. Heracles of Cross 4. Galen i Cross 8. Gnosidicus 16. Cross nebre 32. Sostratis 3. References 64. Theodore 2. References 128. Sostratis 2. References 256. Theodorus Cross 512. Cross Cleomyttades 1024. Cross Crisamis 2048. Trojan 4096. Sostratis 8192. Hippolochus 16384. Podalirus 32768. Asklepius
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Some clinical symptoms and signs have been named Hippocrates because he is believed to be the first person to describe them. The faces of the Hippocrates are the resulting changes in the face with death, or long illness, excessive evacuation, excessive hunger, and the like. Clubbing, deformity of the fingers and toe nails, also known as the Hippocratic radius. The joy of hypocrisy is the internal spark of hydropneumothorax or pyopneumothorax. The hokokratik bench (a tool that uses tension to aid bone arrangement) and Hippocratic hat-shaped bandages are two devices named Hippocrates. Hippocratic Corpus and Hippocratic Oath are also the names. Hypocras drinks are also believed to have been created by Hippocrates. Riset sardonicus, a sustained spasm of facial muscles may also be called the Hippocrates Smile. The most severe form of hair loss and baldness are called Hippocratic forms.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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