Jason " Jay " Gould ( ; 27 May 1836 - December 2, 1892) is a leading American railroad developer and speculators. He has been described as one of the brutal savage barons of the Gilded Age, who succeeded in making him one of the richest men of his time. He is hated and reviled, with some defenders past and present.
Video Jay Gould
Early life and education
Jason Gould was born in Roxbury, New York, to Mary More (1798-1841) and John Burr Gould (1792-1866). Her maternal grandfather, Alexander T. More, was an entrepreneur, and her great-great grandfather John More was a Scottish immigrant who founded the city of Moresville, New York. Jay Gould studied at local schools and Hobart Academy in Hobart, Delaware County, New York.
As a boy, Gould decides he does not want to do anything with his father's farming, so his father drops him off at a nearby school with 50 cents and a sack of clothing.
Maps Jay Gould
Initial career
Anyway credited with giving him a job working as a bookkeeper for a blacksmith. A year later the blacksmith offered him half a flower at the blacksmith shop, which he sold to his father in early 1854. Gould devoted himself to private study, emphasizing surveying and math. In 1854, Gould researched and made a map of the Ulster County region of New York. In 1856 he published The History of Delaware County, and Border Wars of New York, who had spent several years writing.
In 1856, Gould entered into a partnership with Zadock Pratt to create a tannery business in Pennsylvania in what would become Gouldsboro. Finally he bought Pratt, who retired. In 1856, Gould entered into another partnership with Charles Mortimer Leupp, Gideon Lee's son-in-law, and one of the leading leather merchants in the United States at the time. Leupp and Gould were successful partnerships until Panic in 1857. Leupp lost all his money, while Gould took advantage of a property depreciation opportunity and bought used properties for himself.
After Charles Leupp's death, Gouldsboro Tanning became a disputed property. Leupp's brother-in-law, David W. Lee, who is also a partner at Leupp and Gould, takes armed control of the tannery. He believes that Gould has been deceiving the Leupp and Lee families in a business collapse. Eventually Gould took physical possession, but was then forced to sell his stake in the company to Lee's brother.
Railway investment
In 1859, Gould started a speculative investment by buying shares in a small train. Gould Daniel S. Miller's father-in-law was credited with introducing a younger man to the railroad industry, when he suggested that Gould help him rescue his investments in Rutland and Washington Railroad in Panic of 1857. Gould bought a 10-cent stake in the dollar, which kept him in control company. Through the Civil War era, he did more speculation on rail shares in New York City. In 1863 he was appointed manager of Rensselaer and Saratoga Railroad.
The Erie Railroad suffered financial problems in the 1850s, despite receiving loans from financiers Cornelius Vanderbilt and Daniel Drew. Erie entered the curator in 1859 and reorganized as Erie Railway. Jay Gould, Drew and James Fisk were involved in the manipulation of shares known as the Erie War, with the result that in the summer of 1868 Drew, Fisk, and Vanderbilt lost control of Erie, while Gould became his president.
Ring Tweed
It was during the same period that Gould and Fisk became involved with Tammany Hall, New York City's political ring. They made Boss Tweed a director of the Erie Railroad, and Tweed, in return, set up a law that was profitable for them. Tweed and Gould became the subject of a political cartoon by Thomas Nast in 1869. In October 1871, when Tweed was held on bail of $ 1 million, Gould was the head of the bondman.
Black Friday
In August 1869, Gould and Fisk began buying gold in an attempt to corner the market, hoping that a rise in gold prices would increase the price of wheat as it would be sold by western farmers, causing a great deal of bread deliveries eastward. , improving shipping business for Erie Railroad. During this time, Gould used contacts with President Ulysses S. Grant's brother-in-law, Abel Corbin, to try to influence President and Secretary General Horace Porter.
Speculations in gold culminated in Black Friday's panic, on September 24, 1869, when premiums on the face value of Double Eagle gold fell from 62 percent to 35 percent. Gould got a small profit from this operation but lost to the next lawsuit. The golden corner reinforces Gould's reputation in the media as a very powerful figure that can push the market up and down at will.
Lord Gordon-Gordon
In 1873, Gould tried to control the Erie Railroad by recruiting foreign investment from Lord Gordon-Gordon, whom he believed to be a rich cousin of Campbell who wanted to buy land for immigrants. He bribed Gordon-Gordon with $ 1 million in supplies. But Gordon-Gordon was a con artist and cashed in the stock immediately. Gould sues Gordon-Gordon; the case was heard in March 1873. In court, Gordon-Gordon gave the names of the Europeans he declared, and was granted a guarantee while references were examined. He fled to Canada, where he convinced the authorities that the allegations against him were wrong.
After failing to convince or force the Canadian authorities to surrender Gordon-Gordon, Gould and his colleagues and three future congressmen (Loren Fletcher, John Gilfillan, and Eugene McLanahan Wilson) attempted to kidnap him. The group managed to arrest him, but they were stopped and captured by North West Attack Police before they could return to the United States. The kidnappers were jailed and refused bail. This led to an international incident between the United States and Canada. After learning that the kidnappers were not granted bail, Governor Horace Austin from Minnesota asked them to return; he placed local militias in full preparedness. Thousands Minnesotan volunteered for a full military invasion of Canada. After the negotiations, Canadian authorities freed the kidnappers with bail. This incident resulted in Gould losing the possibility of taking control of the Erie Railroad.
Western trains
After being forced out of the Erie Railroad, Gould began building railroad systems in the midwest and west. He took over Union Pacific in 1873 when his stock was pressed by Panic of 1873 and built a railway line that relies on shipping by local farmers and ranchers. Gould immerse himself in every operational and financial detail of the UP system. He built encyclopedic knowledge, then acted decisively to shape his destiny. "He revised his financial structure, stirred up his competitive struggle, led his political struggle, changed his administration, formulated its level policies, and promoted resource development along its path." After Gould's death, Union Pacific slipped and declared bankruptcy during Panic of 1893.
In 1879, Gould ruled three more important western railroads, including the Missouri Pacific Railroad. He controlled 10,000 miles (16,000 km) of trains, about one-nine of the rail lengths in the United States at the time; in 1882, he had controlled the interest of 15 percent of the country's railroads. Because railroads generate profits and have tariff controls, their wealth increases dramatically. When Gould withdrew from Union Pacific management in 1883 amid political controversy over his debts to the federal government, he realized a great advantage for himself. He gained controlling interest in the Western Union telegraph company, and, after 1881, on a railroad in New York City. In 1889, Gould arranged the St. Terminal Railway Association. Louis, who gained obstacles in east-west train traffic in St. Louis. Louis; After Gould's death, the government brought an antitrust lawsuit to remove the bottleneck control.
Personal life
Timeline
Religion
Gould is a member of the Western Presbyterian Church at 31 West 42nd Street. Then join the Presbyterian Park to form Presbyterian West-Park.
Wedding
He married Helen Day Miller (1838-1889) in 1863; the couple has six children:
- George Jay Gould I (1864-1923), married to Edith M. Kingdon (1864-1921)
- Edwin Gould I (1866-1933), married to Sarah Cantine Shrady
- Helen Gould (1868-1938), married Finlay Johnson Shepard (1867-1942)
- Howard Gould (1871-1959), married Viola Katherine Clemmons on October 12, 1898; and later married actress Grete Mosheim in 1937
- Anna Gould (1875-1961), married Paul Ernest Boniface, Comte de Castellane (1867-1932) and divorced; second, married to HÃÆ'Â © lie de Talleyrand-PÃÆ' Â © rigord, 5 duc de Talleyrand, 5th duc de Dino, 4 Herzog von Sagan, and Prince de Sagan (1858-1937)
- Frank Jay Gould (1877-1956), married to Helen Margaret Kelly; then Edith Kelly (not related to his first wife); and then Florence La Caze (1895-1983)
Death
Gould died of tuberculosis on December 2, 1892, and was buried at Woodlawn Cemetery, The Bronx, New York. His wealth is conservatively estimated for tax purposes of $ 72 million (= $ 1.76 billion in 2016, adjusted for inflation), which he wants overall for his family.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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