Ukraine is estimated to have natural gas reserves of 1.1 trillion cubic meters in 2004 and was ranked 26th among countries with proven natural gas reserves before the Crimea annexed by the Russian Federation. Total gas reserves are estimated at 5.4 trillion cubic meters.
Video Natural gas in Ukraine
Produksi domestik
Domestic production peaked in 1975 at 68.1 billion cubic meters (bcm). Since then production has gradually declined and stabilized in recent years by about 20 bcm.
Since 2011, Ukraine has been trying to raise its natural gas production level in the Black Sea from 1 bcm in 2011 to 3 bcm by 2015. In 2012, Black Sea production reached 1.2 bcm and is expected to increase to 1.65 bcm in the year 2013.
By 2030 about half of Ukraine's production will come from non-traditional gas deposits (including 6-11 bcm shale gas per year); in accordance with the plans of the Government of Ukraine.
Since 2012 Ukraine has gradually shifted from natural gas-based coal gasification technology developed by China.
Maps Natural gas in Ukraine
Areas
Industri mineral and gas emissions by the United States of America:
- Chernihiv Oblast
- Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
- Oblast Kharkiv
- Lviv Oblast
- Poltava Oblast
- Sumy Oblast
Konsumen
Ukraine remains a major gas consumer, ranked thirteenth in the world and fifth in Europe. Heavy industry is the largest consumer of natural gas in Ukraine (accounting for 40% of domestic consumption) followed by households (more than 30%) followed by communal heating systems that supply both government buildings and residential properties (20%). An estimated 9% of the gas is wasted.
The consumption level has dropped from 118 bcm in 1991 to less than 55 bcm in 2012.
Naftogaz stated that on December 17, 2013 only four Ukrainian State Givers (provinces) are making routine payments for natural gas.
Ukraine announced on March 26, 2014 that the price of household natural gas will rise by 50% from May 1, 2014 to receive a $ 14 billion - $ 18 billion rescue package from the IMF.
In the first seven months of 2014 gas consumption in Ukraine fell by 15%; this is in the midst of the Crimean invasion of 2014 and the Russian aggression 2014 in Ukraine.
Import
Although Ukraine's own natural gas production still has to import about 80% of its natural gas needs. After 2008, the volume of imports of natural gas Ukraine fell.
Traditionally, Ukraine imports natural gas mainly from Turkmenistan and Russia (about two thirds of its gas in 2012). Since November 2012, Ukraine diversified its imported natural gas suppliers. On January 9, 2014 Minister of Energy and Coal Industry of Ukraine Eduard Stavytsky stated that Ukraine (at that time) will only buy Russian natural gas "because it is currently the most profitable".
Since June 16, 2014 Russia has stopped its natural gas supply to Ukraine because Ukraine refused to pay debts to Gazprom for $ 4.5 billion which came after Russia denounced the Kharkiv Pact 2010 on March 31, 2014. Since June 2014 Ukraine imports more natural gas from Poland and Hungary.
Import prices
After 2004, Russia began to steadily raise the price of its natural gas supplied to Ukraine, he wanted to immediately bring it in line with tariffs paid by other European countries. Until 2005, Ukraine was charged $ 50 per 1,000 cm; since then the price has risen to $ 426 per 1,000 cm in 2012. In January 2013, Ukraine paid $ 430 per 1,000 cm. There is a price dispute that has caused some economic conflict with Russia since 1990.
After 2008, rapid price increases have raised the cost of Ukraine's annual gas imports; from less than $ 4 billion in 2005 to $ 14 billion in 2011 and 2012. Natural gas is the largest import of Ukraine today and is the main cause of the country's structural trade deficit.
In the Ukrainian-Russian action plan of December 17, 2013 it was agreed that the cost of Russian natural gas supplied to Ukraine will be lowered to $ 268 per 1,000 cubic meters (this price is more than $ 400 in December 2013).
During Russia - Ukraine's crisis, beginning in February 2014 with Russian military intervention in the Crimea, severe tensions extend to the gas sector. Finally, the EU commissioner for energy GÃÆ'¼nther Oettinger was summoned to mediate an agreement securing supplies to Ukraine and transit to the EU. The package was signed on 30. October including the supply of Russian gas to Ukraine in the period November 2014 to March 2015, conditioned on repayment of Ukraine's unnecessary gas debt ($ 3 billion). Prices for November and December 2014 are set at $ 378 per thousand cubic meters, which will be adjusted in January. Shipping must be paid in advance. During that winter, the Ukrainian monopoly, Naftogaz, was able to import limited quantities of gas from the EU (backflows from Slovakia, Poland, and Hungary) at the price of Central European hubs, about $ 250 per thousand cubic meters.
Due to the sharp decline in oil market prices (prices halved from mid 2014 to the end of the year) Gazprom should reduce the price of gas associated with oil. On January 9, 2014 Naftogaz and Gazprom Russia signed a supplement to the Russian-Ukrainian gas contract, setting the price of natural gas for Ukraine in the first quarter of 2014 at $ 268.5 per 1,000 cubic meters.
Ukraine as a natural gas transit route
Ukraine remains the main transit route for Russian natural gas sold to Europe, which generates Ukraine about $ 3 billion a year in transit fares, making it the most profitable export service in the country. After Russia launched the Nord Stream pipeline, which bypassed Ukraine, the volume of gas transit continued to decline. In 2004 more than 120 bcm of Russian gas was transported through Ukraine; This figure drops to just 84 bcm in 2012.
The Russian-Ukrainian gas dispute left many countries with a significant drop in supply when Russia cut off all natural gas supplies through Ukraine in 2009 and 2006.
Shale gas
Ukraine has the third largest shale gas reserves in Europe with 1.2 trillion cubic meters (tcm). There are two potentially large shale gas fields. Yuzivska gas field is located in Donetsk Oblast (province) and Kharkiv Oblast; and Olesska field at Lviv Oblast and Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast. Ukraine signed a production sharing agreement of 50 years of shale gas production with Royal Dutch Shell on January 25, 2013 involving the Yuzivska gas field. The $ 10 billion deal is the largest foreign direct investment ever to Ukraine. Full shale gas production depends on successful results from 15 test wells. Ukraine expects the commercial shale gas extraction in 2017. On 13 September 2013 Ukrainian Prime Minister Mykola Azarov stated that the price (containing all expenses) shale gas will be $ 120-130 per 1,000 cubic meters.
In 2030 the production of 6-11 bcm of shale gas a year is desired by the plans of the Government of Ukraine.
See also
- Russian-Ukrainian gas dispute
Note
References
External links
- Ukraine - Energy Information Administration
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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