The Miami River is a river in the state of Florida USA that flows out of the Everglades and runs through the city of Miami, including Downtown. The 5.5 km (8.9 km) long river flows from the end of the Miami Canal at Miami International Airport to Biscayne Bay. Originally a natural river inhabited by Tequesta Indians, but dredged and now contaminated along the route through Miami-Dade County. The mouth of the river is home to the Port of Miami and many other businesses whose pressure to defend it have helped to improve river conditions.
Video Miami River (Florida)
Etimologi Edit
Although it is widely believed that this name is derived from the Native American word meaning "sweet water", the earliest mention of the name comes from Hernando de Escalante Fontaneda, a prisoner of Indian tribes in southern Florida for 17 years, when he called what is now Lake Okeechobee as "Mayaimi Lake, called Mayaimi because it is so big". The Mayaimas are named after the lake, next to where they live. Spanish records include cacique "Maimi" in a group of 280 Florida Indians who arrived in Cuba in 1710. The report on the Spanish Mission to the Biscayne Bay area in 1743 mentions the "Maymies" or "MaimÃÆ'es" who live nearby. This river is also known as the Garband River, Rio Ratones, Fresh Water River, Sweetwater River, and Lemon River. It has been known as the Miami River since the Second Seminole War of 1835-42.
Maps Miami River (Florida)
Natural stream Edit
In its original natural state, the river begins on a cascade formed by water from the Everglades that flows over a rocky cliff four miles (6.4 km) from its mouth. Frederick H. Gerdes of the US Coastal Survey reported in 1849 that "[f] the rom of the upper fall to approach the entrance to Key Biscayne Bay... the water in Glades is 6 feet 2.5 inches (1.892 m) above the low tide. "The rapids were removed when the Miami Canal was dredged in an effort to drain the wetlands.
The river is divided into North Fork and South Fork about three miles (4.8 km) above its mouth. Each fork is extended only a mile (1.6 km) to the rapids marking the edge of the Everglades. North Fork has a larger flow and a higher decline above the straw. One and a half miles (2.4 km) above the mouth of a river is a tributary on the north side, called Wagner Creek, which is about two miles (3.2 km) long. The Miami River is also fed by several springs, including some at the bottom of the river. The flow varies, and when the river drought does not flow.
History Edit
The earliest known population in the area around the Miami River is Tequestas. Their main city at the time of the first European contact was on the north bank of the river near the mouth. Prior to intensive development in Miami in the 20th century, the mound built by Tequesta was located along the river. The Spanish mission was briefly established alongside the river in 1567-70 and in 1743, but the area was abandoned when Spain transformed Florida to England in 1765.
The area around the Miami River attracted settlers throughout the 19th century, with the main exception of the Seminole Wars years, but had little influence on the river. The US Army tried to dig a channel through a sand dune at the river's mouth in 1856 but stopped when it was decided that Fort Dallas would not be made permanent.
Beginning in the 2000s, two urban greenway projects known as the Miami Riverwalk and Miami River Greenway began.
Dredging and pollution Edit
The river modification began in earnest with the arrival of the Florida East Coast Railway in Miami in 1896. There were many dredging and filling along the river. The rapids in the head of South Fork were removed in 1908. From 1909 until 1912, the Miami Canal was dug, past the rapids on the North Fork head. The canal was blocked from the river for most of the construction period. When the canal opened into the river in March 1912, a large amount of Everglades poo and the finely ground stone from the dredge washed into the river, crushing it. As a result, the lower rivers must be dredged three times in two years.
The dredging of rivers and canals connecting to the river continued into the 1930s. Deepening the Miami River (and other rivers and canals flowing into the Bay of Biscayne), as well as the Everglades drainage which is the primary goal of dredging, causing saltwater intrusion in the area, forcing the abandonment of drinking water wells on several occasions. In the 1940s, dams were installed on canals to the Miami River to prevent salt water from flowing into the mainland.
The Miami River is also becoming polluted. In 1897, the first sewer channel in Miami began to empty directly into the river. In 1950, 29 sewerage dumped untreated waste into the river. Dade County built a waste treatment plant in Virginia Key in the 1950s and connected the sewer to it, routing raw sewage from the river.
Commercial use Edit
The Miami River is probably the shortest river in the United States. Center for Urban & amp; Environmental Solutions reported in 2008: "The water trade through the port of the Miami River has doubled between the annual rate of about 250,000 short tons in the early 1970s to about 500,000 in the early years of the new century.International trade accounts for the vast majority of trade through the Port of the Miami River.Export dominates the Port trade, accounting for more than 75 percent of the total.In the 1970s, average exports reached 56 percent of the total.Most of the Miami River's foreign trade was with the Caribbean neighboring countries, notably Dominican Republic, Haiti and the Bahamas, reflecting the suitability of the Miami River for the shallow ship design that serves many shallow ports in the Caribbean. "
The Miami River has long been home to many small cargo terminals where smaller vessels (up to about 230 feet (70 m) in length) call for loading cargo, mostly intended for ports in the Bahamas and various Caribbean countries. It is also an area where all sorts of illicit goods - illegal drugs, illegal aliens - have been thrown into the United States. Due to ongoing efforts by the Coast Guard of the United States, the US Immigration and Customs Bureau (ICE), DEA, and other institutions, illegal trade has been minimized in recent years.
Although part of the river from Northwest 36th Street to its mouth is still contaminated, it has been significantly mitigated by the rigid US and international law enforcement associated with oil and waste disposal by ships, as well as laws dealing with industrial dumping. The muddy bottom, however, is still reported to contain significant amounts of unwanted substances.
In previous years, many ships anchored in the river at the end of their last journey were abandoned and drowned along the pier, creating sights and dangers to navigate. The displaced people have been removed.
Borrowing the Port State Control authority, the US Coast Guard vigorously enforces many international and national regulations on safety equipment, construction, maintenance and shipbuilding entering all US ports including the Miami River, virtually eliminating many of the substandard ships that sail from the US in previous years.
In recent years, realizing that they have the same interests, various business entities along the river form the Miami River Group. The group works closely with local law enforcement agencies, US Coast Guard, ICE, and others to maintain clear channels of communication and cooperation. It now acts as a port with many port facilities and support institutions such as agents, surveyors, consultants, architects and naval engineers, as well as ship repair and machinery business.
Many ships sailing from the Miami River carry cargo to ports in Haiti including Port-au-Prince, MiragoÃÆ'Â ¢ ne, Cap-HaÃÆ'¯tien, Port-de-Paix, Saint-Marc, GonaÃÆ'¯ves, and Jacmel. Their cargo usually consists of dried foods such as beans and rice, canned goods, clothing, household goods and equipment, and used cars, trucks, and buses.
In the past, some cargo terminals on the river were illegal areas of the law. Law enforcement and regulatory agencies have eliminated most of such activities. When the International Ship and Port Safety Code and the US Maritime Transportation Act of 2002 entered into force (and in the preceding period) on 1 July 2004, most of the opportunities for crime were abolished.
Several other terminals and businesses related to cargo shipments in the "lower end" of the river near downtown Miami have been removed or moved further upstream due to the dark delivery activities. The "bottom end" of the river has been the subject of much renovation and construction of tall buildings, hotels, and living structures.
A number of residential and mixed-use projects have been built along the Miami River. They include Latitude on the River, Mint on Riverfront, Neo Vertika, River Oaks Marina and Tower, and Terrazas Miami.
Gallery Edit
See also Edit
- The History of Miami
Note Edit
References Edit
- Empty, Joan Gill (1996), Key Biscayne, Sarasota, Florida: Pineapple Press, Inc., ISBNÃ, 1- 56164 -096-4
- Gaby, Donald C (1993), The Miami River and Its Sons , Miami: The Historical Association of Southern Florida, ISBN 0 - 935761-04-7
- Milanich, Jerald T. (1995), Indian Florida and Invasion of Europe , Gainesville, Florida: University Press Florida, ISBN 0- 8130-1360-7 Sturtevant, William C (1978), "The Last of the South Florida Aborigines", at Milanich, Jeral; Proctor (Eds.), Samuel, Tacachale: Essays on Indians Florida and Southeast Georgia during the Historic Period , Gainesville, Florida: University Presses of Florida, ISBN 0-8930-0535-3 < span title = "ctx_ver = Z39.88-2004 & amp; rft_val_fmt = info% 3Aofi% 2Ffmt% 3Akev% 3Amtx% 3Abook & amp; rft.genre = bookitem & amp; rft.atitle = Last South Florida Aboriginal & amp; rft.btitle = Tacachale% 3A Essay in Florida Indians and Southeastern Georgia during History & amp; rft.place = Gainesville% 2C Florida & pubs = pubs = Pressing Florida & amp; rft.date = 1978 & amp; rft.isbn = 0-8130-0535-3 & amp; rft.aulast = Sturtevant & amp; rft.aufirst = William C & amp; rfr_id = info% 3Asid% 2Fen.wikipedia.org% 3AMiami River% 28Florida% 29 "> CS1 maint: Additional text: editor list (link)
External links Edit
- The History of Miami-Dade
- US. Army Corps from Dredging Engineers Page
- Miami River Commission
- Water Quality Report
- Miami City Development Plan in Miami
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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