cruise ship is a boat used for fun or sport. This term is derived from the Dutch jacht "hunt", and was originally defined as a light fast sailing vessel used by the Dutch navy to pursue pirates and other offenders around and into the shallow waters of the States Low. After the election by Charles II of England as a ship to take him to England from the Netherlands for his restoration in 1660 it was later used to mean the ship used to convey the important people.
In the use of the modern term, yachts differ from ships that work primarily by their leisure goals. There are two different yacht classes: sailing boats and electric boats. With the advent of steamships and other types of motorboats, sailing boats are generally regarded as luxury, or recreational vessels. Then the term came to a large motorboat for the purpose of personal pleasure as well.
The length of the yacht usually ranges from 10 meters (33 feet) to tens of meters (hundreds of feet). A luxury craft that is smaller than 12 meters (39 ft) is more commonly called a cab cruiser or just a cruiser. Superyacht generally refers to yachts (sailing or strength) above 24 m (79 ft) and megayachs generally refer to yachts over 50 meters (164 ft). This size is small in relation to typical cruise ships and oil tankers.
Video Yacht
Yacht lekat
Some countries have special flags worn by boats or recreational vessels, which indicate the citizenship of the vessel. Though inspired by the national flag, pawn yachts do not always correspond to the rank of civilian or merchant of the country concerned.
An example of a US yacht vessel, has a 13-star circle and a dirty anchor on a canton instead of 50 stars, which is very different from the banner of the United States, which is the flag of the United States.
The cruise line is different from the merchant's base to signal that the yacht does not carry cargo requiring customs declarations. Carrying a commercial load on board with a yacht base is considered smuggling in many jurisdictions.
Maps Yacht
Construction materials and techniques
Until the 1950s, almost all yachts were made of wood or steel, but wider materials were used today. Although wooden hulls are still in production, the most common construction materials are fiberglass, followed by aluminum, steel, carbon fiber, and ferrocement (rarely due to insecurity). The use of wood has changed and is no longer limited to traditional board-based methods, but also includes modern products such as plywood, veneer, balsa crusted and epoxy resins. Wood is widely used by hobbyists or wooden boat purists when building individual boats. In addition to materials such as carbon fiber and aramid fibers, vestant spruce coatings laminated with epoxy resins have the best weight-to-strength ratio of all shipbuilding materials.
Sailing yacht
Sailing cruises can reach an overall length (Length Of All - LOA) of about 6 meters (20 feet) to more than 30 meters (98 feet), where the difference between cruise ships and vessels becomes blurred. Most private yachts fall in the range of about 7 meters (23 feet) -14 meters (46 feet); the cost of building and maintaining a cruise ship is increasing rapidly as the length increases. In the United States, seafarers tend to refer to smaller yachts as sailboats, while referring to common sport sailing as yachting. In the limited context of sailboat racing, the yacht is a sailing ship that takes part in the race, regardless of its size.
Many modern racing sailboats have efficient sailing plans, especially Bermuda rigs, which allow them to sail close to the wind. This capability is the result of sailing plans and gastric designs that are oriented towards this ability.
Type
Day sailing yachts
Day sailing yachts are usually small, under 6 meters (20 feet) in length. Sometimes called sailing dinghies, they often have paid hulls, boards, or daggerboards. Most day sailing yachts do not have cabins, as they are designed for every hour or daily use and not for overnight travel. They may have a 'cuddy' cabin, where the front of the hull has a sturdy roof to provide a place to store equipment or to offer protection from wind or spray.
yacht Weekender
Yacht Weekender is slightly larger, under 9.5 meters (31 feet) in length. They may have twin lunas or raised keels like in a trailer sailor. This allows them to operate in shallow waters, and if necessary "dry up" - stranded on shore when the tide goes down. This is important in British waters where many of the moorings are in tidal creeks. The shape of the stomach (or twin-keel layout) allows the boat to sit upright when there is no water. Such boats are designed for short trips, rarely lasting more than 2 or 3 days. In coastal areas, long journeys can be made in a series of short jumps. Weekenders usually only have a simple cabin, often consisting of a single "sedan" with bedrooms for two to four people. Use of intelligent ergonomics allows space in the saloon for kitchens (kitchens), seating, and navigation equipment. There is limited space to store water and food. Most are single-masted "Bermuda sloops", with one foresail of the jib or genoa type and one main screen. Some gaffs are rigged. The smallest of these types, commonly called pocket yachts or pocket cruiser , and trailer sailers can be transported on special trailers.
Cruising yachts
Cruise ships so far are the most commonly used private yachts, which are mostly from the 7-14 meter range (23-46 feet). These ships can be very complex in design, as they require a balance between the quality of a benign handling, interior space, good light-wind performance and on-board comfort. The great variety of crafts, from dozens of builders around the world, makes it difficult to provide a single description that describes. However, the most preferred is the hull-shaped gourd, with a smooth arc, a wide flat bottom and deep purplish with enough beams to provide good stability. Most are single-engine, single-engined motorized vessels, with one jib or Genoa type screen and one main screen. The spinnaker screen is also common for the use of the wind down. These species are often chosen as family ships, especially those in the range of 8 to 12 m (26 to 39 feet). Such ships will usually have several cabins under the deck. There will usually be three double-berth cabins; one large sedan with kitchen utensils, seating and navigation; and "head" consisting of toilets and showers. The interior is often finished in wood paneling, with plenty of storage space. Cruise ships are capable enough to take long-haul routes from thousands of miles. The boat has a cruising speed of more than 6 knots. This basic design is typical of the standard type produced by major cruise shipbuilders.
In addition to these fairly standard designs, built in numbers and using methods approaching mass production by major yacht-building companies in Europe and North America, there are some general variations that correspond to yachts for more specialized roles or to emphasize one aspect of performance rather than the various capabilities required in standard design. The classic "long lorel" cruise ship, where the keel is integrated into the bottom of the hull and extends to all or most of the length of the stomach, rather than being a single fin attached to the hull in the middle, is still being built in small quantities. Longelels generally provide better direction stability, especially in bad weather, at heavier costs, narrow hulls that reduce interior space, and poorer handling when under power or in tight conditions such as marinas.
While cutting rigs with twin foresail used to be the standard rig for most cruise ships until the 1960s (when replaced by a two-screen sloop rig) are now only commonly found on larger cruise ships (usually around 15 m (49 × ft ) and more). Other rig variations are found in various yacht sizes such as yawl, ketch, schooner and even unusual sailing plans such as rig junk.
Cruise ships can also be a "cruiser-racer", which corresponds to its name is a blend of cruisers and variants of the race. This is often an existing builder design with changes to rigging, screen, keel and controls to provide better performance. Some interior promises can be reduced or removed to save weight.
The fixed fin keel is most often found on modern yacht cruises around the world but some are still built with 'twin hull' or by lifting the fin keels that pull back into the hull of a yacht. In both cases this allows the yacht to sit upright on the seafloor in shallow waters or in dry areas at low tide.
Most cruise ships are large, 16 m (52 ​​ft) and taller, as well as cruisers, but their designs vary greatly because often the "one off" design is tailored to the buyer's specific needs.
Fancy sailboat
These cruises are generally 25 meters (82 feet) or longer, although the largest sailing yacht available for charter is 90 meters (295 feet).
In recent years, this yacht has evolved from a fairly simple ship with basic accommodation into a luxurious and sophisticated vessel. This is largely due to reduced gut-producing costs caused by the introduction of fiberglass hulls, and increased automation and "production line" techniques for yacht buildings, especially in Europe.
On the largest luxury yacht, 40 m (130 ft) -plus, every modern convenience, from air conditioning to television, is found. Yachts sailing this size are often very automated with, for example, computer-controlled power cranes that control the screen. Such complexity requires a special power generation system. In recent years the amount of electrical equipment used on yachts has been greatly improved. Even 20 years ago, it was not common for a 7 m (23 ft) yacht to have electric lighting. Now all but the smallest and most basic yachts have electric lighting, radio, and navigation aids like Global Positioning Systems. Yachts about 10 meters (33 ft) bring comforts such as hot water, pressurized water systems, and refrigerators. Aids such as radar, echo-sounding and autopilot are common. This means that the auxiliary machine now also performs the vital function of turning on the alternator to provide electric power and to recharge the yacht's battery. For yachts using remote roaming generators, wind, water, and sun can perform the same functions.
Yacht racing
Racing yachts try to reduce the wetted surface area, which creates obstacles, by keeping the stomach light while having a deep and heavy inner ball, allowing them to support a tall pole with a large screen area. Modern designs tend to have very wide jets and flat undersides, to provide buoyancy to prevent excessive heel angles and to promote surfing and planning. Speed ​​up to 35 knots can be achieved in extreme conditions. Special overseas cruises sacrifice crew comfort for speed, have basic accommodation to reduce weight. Modern racing yachts may have twin steers due to the wide stern. Since about 2000 the ballast water transfer pump is becoming more common as it has swung across the keels. Both of these strengthen the yacht and allow more sail to be carried in stronger winds. Depending on the type of race, such cruises may have 15 crew or more. A very large beach racing yacht may have a crew of 30 people. At the other extreme is a "disposable" race, in which one person alone must control the cruise ship.
The cruise races may only run a few kilometers, as in International One Design's port racing; long distance, open sea races, such as the Bermuda Race; or an epic trans-global contest such as Global Challenge, Volvo Ocean Race, Clipper Round the World Race, and Mini Transat 6.50.
Propulsion
Sailing is an economical and environmentally friendly propulsion tool. The type of hybrid vessel is a sailing yacht motor that can use a screen or propulsion (or both) according to the conditions specified.
Many "pure" yachts are also equipped with low-power internal combustion engines for use in quiet conditions and when entering or leaving a difficult anchor. Ships less than 7 feet (23 feet) in length generally carry outboard gasoline engines between 3.5 and 30 kilowatts (5 and 40 hp). Larger vessels have an in-board diesel engine between 15 and 75 kilowatts (20 and 101Ã, hp) depending on size. In the general 7-14 meter (23-46 feet) class, 15 to 30 kilowatts (20 to 40 hp) are the most common. Modern sailboats can be equipped with an electric motor to reduce fossil fuel consumption. The latest technology is an outboard electric pod drive that can also regenerate electricity (motogen). These motogens can be drawn to increase the efficiency of the yacht. Some of these cruises are very efficient and do not require additional diesel generators. This technology is called Green Motion. The test can be viewed and read in the following magazines: Yachting Monthly , November 2010; German magazine Yacht , January 2011; Waterkampioen from the Netherlands, May 2011 and in the Voile magazine in December 2011 in France. The Mansura Trophy was awarded for this new propulsion system in May 2011. Both cruise ships and monohulled yachts use this system now and almost free of fossil fuels. Slowly more yacht builders are installing the Green Motion system.
Hull Type
Monohull yachts are usually equipped with a fixed keel or a centreboard (adjustable keel) below the surface of the water to compensate for the force of the wind that overturns on the ship's screen. Multihull cruises use two (catamarans) or three (trimarans) hull apart from each other to provide a stable base that refuses to overturn.
Motor yachts
Classification
Motor yachts generally fall into the following categories:
- Day boat cruises (no cabins, rare facilities)
- Weekender cruises (one or two basic cabins, basic kitchen utensils and plumbing)
- Cruise cruises (enough facilities to allow to stay aboard for a long time)
- Fishing cruises (cruises with live facilities and fishing equipment)
- Luxury cruises (similar to the last three types of yachts, with luxurious finish/facilities)
Propulsion
Motor yachts usually have one or two internal combustion engines that burn diesel fuel or gasoline. Depending on engine size, fuel costs can make motor yachts more expensive to operate than sailing yachts.
Hull Type
The hull shape of a motorboat may be based on displacement, planning, or in between. Although monohulls have long been the standard on motor yachts, multihulls are gaining in popularity.
Global weather relevance
Cruise cruises depend on appropriate weather conditions, and this requires cruise ship users to follow certain travel calendars to avoid bad weather sailing.
See also
References
- The origin of the yacht
- Fraser, Antonia, Royal Charles . A number of editions exist.
- Gardiner, R & amp; Lavery, B, Line of Battle: The Sailing Warship 1650-1840 , 1992 (2004 edition), Conway, ISBNÃ, 0-85177-954-9
- Partridge, Eric, Origins, Modern English Dictionary of Etuology , Greenwich House, 1983, ISBN: 0-517-41425-2
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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