Boats or vessels engaged in the bum trades trade are the ones that do not have fixed schedules or published port calls. Unlike cargo ships, tramp vessels trade in the spot market without a fixed schedule or travel plan/port-of-call (s). Steam vessels involved in tramp trading are sometimes called homeless bums ; similar terms tramp freighter and tramper are also used. Chartering is done primarily in London, New York, Singapore shipbroking exchanges. The Baltic Exchange serves as a type of stock market index for trading.
The term vagrant comes from English meaning "vagrant" as a beggar or vagrant; in this context was first documented in the 1880s, along with "sea bums" (at that time many sailing boats were involved in irregular trading as well).
Video Tramp trade
Histori
The tramp trade first began in England around the mid-19th century. Dependency and timeliness of steamers are found to be more cost-effective than sailing. Coal is needed for ship boilers, and demand creates business opportunities to move large quantities of Welsh best coal to UK ports. Within a few years, vagrant ships became a trading workshop, transporting coal and finished products from British cities to the rest of the world.
The size of the vagrant ship remained relatively constant from 1900 to 1940, about 7,000 to 10,000 tonnes deadweight (dwt.). During the Second World War, the United States created the Liberty Ship; a single design that can be used to carry anything, which weighs 10,500 dwt. The US produces 2,708 Liberty Ships and they are used on every international trade route. After the Second World War, economies of scale took over and the size of the bum boat went off to keep pace with the booming supply and demand cycle. During this time the bulk carrier becomes a homeless option for many owners and operators. Bulk carriers are designed to carry coal, grains and ores, which provide more flexibility and can serve more harbors than some of its ancestors, which carry only one commodity.
Today bum trading covers all types of ships, from aircraft carriers to tankers. Each can be used for a particular market, or ships may be combined such as oil, bulk, ore carriers to accommodate many different markets depending on where the ship is located and the supply and demand of the area. Tramp boats often carry their own gear (boom, crane, crane) if the next port does not have the proper equipment to load or empty the cargo.
Maps Tramp trade
Tramp charter
The vagrant ship is a contract carrier. Unlike liners, often called common carriers, which have fixed schedules and published rates, the ideal bum can carry everything anywhere, and freight rates are influenced by supply and demand. To generate a business, a contract to rent a vessel known as a lease party is made between the owner of the ship and the tenant. There are three types of charter, sailing, time, and death.
Voyage Charter
Voyage charters: Travel charter is the most common charter in homeless shipping. The homeless owner is obliged to provide a ship that is worth sailing while the tenant is obliged to provide full charge. Charter of this type is the most profitable, but can be the most risky because of the lack of new tenants. During the trip, some or all of the vessels are leased to tenants for voyage to a port or a set of different ports. There are two types of voyage charters - net form and gross form. Under the clean form, the cargo carried by the bum boat is loaded, discarded, and trimmed at the cost of the tenant. Under the gross form of cargo loading costs, the use and pruning is on the owner. Tenants are solely responsible for providing cargo at a certain port and receiving it at the port of destination. Time becomes a problem in the cruise charter if the vagrant ship is delayed in its schedules or loading or discharging is delayed. If a vagrant ship is delayed, the tenant pays a demurrage, which is a penalty, to the shipowner. The number of days a vagrant ship was hired to be called a lay day.
Charter time
Time charter: In a time charter the owner provides a fully manned and equipped vessel. The owner provides the crew, but the crew takes orders from the tenants. Owners are also responsible for insuring ships, ship repair may need, machine parts and food for ship personnel. Tenants are responsible for others. The main advantage of time charter is that it diverts the cost of running a ship to a charterer.
Demet Charter
Demise Charter: Death charter is the least used in homeless trade because it is very profitable owner. The ship owner only provides unmanned boats, shops, or fuels. It is the responsibility of the Charterers to provide all necessary ship. The shipowner must provide a ship that is worth sailing, but once the tenant receives the vessel, the responsibility of the marine eligibility is the tenant. The renter of the boat crew, but the owner can make recommendations. There is no standard form in the charter of death, the contract can vary greatly, and is written to meet the needs of the tenant.
Broker
Owners of tramp boats and tramp boat tenants rely on brokers to find cargo for their vessels to carry. A broker understands the conditions of international trade, the movement of goods, the market price, and the availability of the owner's vessel.
The Baltic Exchange, in London, is the physical base for the intermediary of a vagrant ship. The Baltic Exchange works like an organized market and provides a meeting place for boat owners, brokers and tenants. It also provides easy access to information about market fluctuations and commodity prices for all parties involved. Brokers can use it to quickly match cargo to ships or ship to cargo depending on who they work for. A committee of owners, brokers and tenants are selected to manage exchanges to ensure that the interests of every person are represented. With the current communication speed, the Baltic Exchange floor has never been quiet before, but the information and networks provided by the exchange are still an asset to the tramp trade.
Tramps today
Due to the explosion of ship service, and in large part, because of containers since the 1960s, homeless trade has declined, but by no means ended. Contemporary trends in the shipping business have generated a renewed interest in homeless shipping. To increase profits, liner companies are looking to invest in homeless vessels to create buffers when the market is sluggish. For example, Mitsui OSK Lines has a large fleet with bum liner and liner. With both types of voyages covered, they are able to serve the world economy even in the lower market. The advantage of the bum boat is that they are relied upon at that time to serve all types of markets. Even in a down economy there will be a market for some kind of commodity somewhere and companies with ships capable of exploiting that market will be better than companies that rely on ship service alone.
Mooring company
- United Maritime Group
- Seabulk
- D/S Norden
- TORM
Further reading
- Freeman, N. (1998.) Seaspray and Whiskey: Reminiscences of a bum boat trip . Pleasantville N.Y.: The Akadine Press. ISBNÃ, 1-888173-38-6
- Huber, Mark (2001). "Ch 9: Chartering and Operation". Operation Tanker: a handbook for person-in-charge (PIC) . Cambridge, MD: Cornell Maritime Press. ISBNÃ, 0-87033-528-6.
- Turpin, Edward A.; McEwen, William A. (1980). "Chapter 18: The Law of Navigation of the United States and Ship Business". Merchant Marine Officers Handbook . Centerville, MD: Cornell Maritime Press. ISBNÃ, 0-87033-056-X.
References
External links
- Internet Guide for Freighter Travel - traveling by bum liner
- Hurd, Archibald, Sir (1922). Victory from a bum boat . London: Cassell . Retrieved 2012-03-24 .
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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