A scapular fracture is a scapula fracture, the shoulder blades. The scapula is solid and is located in a protected place, so it rarely breaks. When that happens, it is an indication that a person is experiencing a large number of severe chest powers and traumas may exist. High speed vehicle accidents are the most common cause. This can happen anywhere from a car accident, a motorcycle accident, or a high-speed bicycle accident but a fall and a blow to that area can also cause injury. Signs and symptoms are similar to other fractures: they include pain, tenderness, and reduced movement of the affected area even though symptoms can take several days to appear. Imaging techniques such as X-rays are used to diagnose scapular fractures, but injuries may be overlooked in part because they are often accompanied by other serious, attention-related injuries. Injuries that usually accompany scapular fractures generally have the greatest impact on patient outcomes. However, injury can also happen by itself; when that happens, it does not present a significant threat to life. Treatment involves pain control and paralyzing the affected area, and, later, physical therapy.
Video Scapular fracture
Signs and symptoms
Like other types of fractures, a sapular fracture may be associated with localized pain to the area of ​​fracture, tenderness, swelling, and crepitation (crackling sounds from the ends of the joint grinding bones). Because the sapular fracture damages the shoulder movement, a person with a scapular fracture has a reduced ability to move the shoulder joint. Signs and symptoms may be covered by other injuries that accompany scapular fractures.
Maps Scapular fracture
Cause
Usually, it takes a large amount of energy to break the shoulder blades; style can be indirect but more often straightforward. Scapula is cracked as a result of significant blunt trauma, as occurs in vehicle collisions. About three-quarters of cases are caused by high-speed car and motorcycle collisions. Falling and blow to the shoulder area can also cause injury. Devastating injuries (such as may occur in railroad or forestry accidents) and sports injuries (such as those on horseback riding, mountain biking, bmxing or skiing) can also break the shoulder blades. Skapular fractures can occur due to electric shock and because of seizures: muscles attracted in different directions contract strongly at the same time. In cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the chest is compressed significantly; Scapular fractures can occur as a complication of this technique.
Anatomy
The scapula has the body, neck, and spine; all of these may crack. The most commonly injured areas are the body of the scapula, spine, neck, and glenoid rim; body skapular or neck injured in about 80% of cases. Fractures that occur in the body may be vertical, horizontal, or comminuted (involving multiple fragments). Those that occur in the neck are usually parallel to the glenoid fossa. When they occur in the glenoid fossa, the fracture is usually a small chip of bone or fracture extension that occurs in the sapular neck.
The scapula is protected from the front by the ribs and chest, and from the back is covered by a thick muscle layer. Also, the scapula is able to move, so that the traumatic strength given to it will be lost, not absorbed by the bones. Thus a large amount of force is required to break it.
Diagnosis
Most of the scapula fractures can be seen on chest X-ray; However, they may not be missed during movie screening. Serious injuries can divert attention from a sumpular injury, and diagnosis is often delayed. Computed tomography can also be used. Skapular fractures can be detected on standard chest radiographs and shoulders given to patients with significant physical trauma, but many of the scapula is hidden by the ribs in standard chest X-rays. Therefore, if a suspected scular injury, more specific images of the scapular area may be taken.
Classification
Body fracture
Digambarkan berdasarkan lokasi anatomi
Fraktur leher
Fraktur proses coracoid
Fraktur akromion
Fraktur fossa Glenoid
Described by Ideberg classification
Treatment
Treatment involves pain medication and early immobilization; then, physical therapy is used. Ice in the affected area can increase comfort. The movement exercise starts at least a week after the injury; With this, fractures with little or no recovery without problems. More than 90% of the sapular fractures do not experience a significant shift; Therefore, most of these fractures should be managed without surgery. Skapular body fractures with displacement can heal with malunion, but even this does not disturb the affected shoulder movement. However, displaced fractures in the scapular or glenoid process interfere with movement in the affected shoulder if they are not aligned properly. Therefore, while most scapular fractures are managed without surgery, surgical reduction is required for neck or glenoid fractures; if not, shoulder movement may be disrupted.
Epidemiology
Skapular fractures occur in about 1% of blunt trauma cases and 3-5% of shoulder injuries. An estimated 0.4-1% of bone fractures are scapular fractures.
Injuries associated with other injuries are 80-90% of the time. The sapular fracture is associated with pulmonary bruising over 50% of the time. So when the scapula is cracked, other injuries such as trauma to the abdomen and chest are automatically suspected. People with scapular fractures often also have rib, lung, and shoulder injuries. Pneumothorax, a clavicle fracture, and injury to the blood vessels are among the most common injuries. Strength involved in scapular fractures may also cause tracheobronchial rupture, tears in the airways. Fractures occurring in the skapular bodies are the type most likely to be accompanied by other injuries; bone and other soft tissue injuries accompany this fracture 80-95% of the time. The associated injury can be serious and potentially lethal, and usually it is a related injury, rather than a scapular fracture, which has the greatest effect on results. Skapular fractures can also occur alone; when they do so, the mortality rate does not increase significantly.
The average age of affected people is 35-45 years.
Note
References
- Wiedemann E, Euler E, Pfeifer K (2000). "Skapular fracture". In Wulker N, Mansat M, Fu FH. Shoulder Surgery: Picture Text Book . Martin Dunitz. pp.Ã, 504-510. ISBNÃ, 1-85317-563-3.
External links
- The American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (2007). Scapula fracture (scapula). Retrieved on 2008-08-03.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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