Killdeer

src: cdn.audubon.org

The killdeer ( Charadrius vociferus ) is an intermediate snippet. It is a noisy bird, whose English name comes from the typical kill deer's cries.

Adults have brown and wing back, white belly, and white breast with two black bands. The butt is orange tawny. The face and the hats are brown with a white forehead. Her eyes were orange-red. Chicks are patterned almost identical to adults, and are precocial (can move immediately after hatching). The killdeer often uses "broken-wing action" to distract the predator from the hive. It is named onomatopoeis after its call.

Video Killdeer

Etymology and taxonomy

The killdeer was first described as Charadrius vociferus by Carl Linnaeus in his 10th edition Systema Naturae . It is based on an explanation by Mark Catesby in his book Nature of Carolina, Florida, and the Bahamas of the Islands, where he gave it the name "Cerewet Stables."

The killer's binomial name is Charadrius vociferus . The genus name Charadrius is the Latin Latin word for the yellowish bird mentioned in the fourth century Vulgate. It comes from the Ancient Greek kharadrios of birds found in ravines and river valleys ( kharadra , "abyss"). Specifically vociferus is Latin and comes from vox , "cry" and ferre , "to bear".

There are three subspecies of killdeer, including those nominating:

C. v. vociferus Linnaeus, 1758 - The nominating subspecies, found in the US (including southeast Alaska), southern Canada, Mexico, and very local to southern Panama. Winter to south-western South America.
C. v. ternominatus bangs & amp; Kennard, 1920 - This subspecies is found in the Bahamas, Big Antilles, and the Virgin Islands.
C. v. peruvianus (Chapman, 1920) - This South American subspecies is found in western Ecuador, Peru and extreme northwestern Chile.

The killdeer name comes from a call he often hears.

Maps Killdeer

Description

Long-term killer adult from 23-27 cm (9.1-10.6 inches) with an average wingspan of 47 cm (19 inches). The largest neck kettle, average 88 g (3.1 oz) killdeer.

Killdeer has great characteristics, round head, long tail, skin long legs, and long wings. The bill is short, dark, and thick. Brownish brown fur on the back and white areas of the abdomen and chest; The neck is also surrounded by a white collar. Two large, dark bands surround the upper breast with an additional band located in the head, stretching the forehead and area above the bill and continuing around the back of the head. The tail is brown with black subterminal ribbons, white terminal bands, and white outer tail feathers. Additional feather characters include the bright red-orange color seen during flight and displays, white wing lines visible during flight. The appearance does not vary between males and females, although spawning females may have extra chocolate feathers on the head. Adolescents resemble adults with the exception of bull fur and there is only one neck band

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Habitat and distribution

The range of killdeer spread in the western hemisphere. In the summer, killdeer lives in the northern Canadian provinces of Ontario, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Yukon and Quebec, as well as the southern states of Alaska in the US. Killdeer has a year-round presence in the southern half of the United States and parts of Peru. The killdeer winters throughout Central America.

During non-breeding killdeer seasons use coastal wetlands and coastal habitats and coastal areas. Ogden et al. shows that open agricultural land of agricultural land complements the intertidal habitats often used by killdeer during the non-breeding season. Due to the application of fertilization as well as the prevention of habitat fragmentation benefits, killing and also a number of other migratory beach birds, maintaining the habitat mosaics in coastal agricultural land areas is optimal for maintaining killer populations.

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Behavior

These birds will often use distraction distractions ("broken-wing acts") to distract predators from their nests. It involves a bird that runs away from a nesting area that holds its wings in a position that simulates the injury and then flapping on the ground radiating a distress call. The predators then think they have easy prey and are attracted to this apparently injured bird and away from its nest. If parents see that potential predators do not follow them, they will move closer and harder until they get the attention of the predator. This is repeated until the predator is away from the nest, and the killer suddenly "heals" and flies away.

Breeding

For nests, killdeer uses open land or other flat areas with short vegetation (typically under 1 centimeter (0.39 inches) high, including farmland, and grassland.Nested habitat is characterized as having enough nest material to form a tear but instead has little or no vegetation.The killdeer often nested near the site was lodged the year before.It is likely that men usually return to the nest in the same area regardless of whether or not to maintain the same pair.This does not seem to apply to women, who do not nesting in the same territory if it does not have the same pair.The nest is also sometimes located on the roof.The nest itself is just a depression or a shallow bowl on the ground, bordered by several stones and blades of grass.When nesting on the roof, the eggs can placed on flat roofs, or in elevated gravel pits, sometimes lined with to white pebbles or shell pieces.

The eggs from the killdeer are usually placed from mid-March to early June in the south of the range, and from mid-April to mid-July in the north. In Puerto Rico, and possibly in other Caribbean islands, breeding occurs throughout the year.

The killdeer has a clutch of 4-6 eggs, a cream-colored buff, with brown marks and black spots. The size is about 38 to 27 millimeters (1.5 x 1.1 inches). These eggs are placed at intervals of 24 to 48 hours. When these eggs are laid, energy expenditure from both sexes is at the highest point; females need to produce eggs, while men need to defend their territory. Up to five replacement grips can be installed, and sometimes there are two mains. The eggs are incubated for 22 to 28 days by men and women, with the first usually incubating at night.

The day after the young hatch, they are led by both parents out of the nest. The family then generally move into the dining area with dense vegetation that the chicks can hide under when the predator is near. Chicks are raised, at least in a single parent pair, by both parents, possibly because of the high rate of nest failure and the need for both parents to be present in order to successfully raise children. In two mother mothers, the young are usually attended by only one parent, generally women, until about two weeks of age, after which the unattached parents sometimes tend to be young. Otherwise, an unattended parent is generally at least 23 meters (75 feet) away from the chicks. Period attention on every parent usually lasts about one to one hour and thirty minutes. Currently mainly spent standing when the chicks are young, with time dedicated to this decreases as chicks get older. When children are under two weeks of age, the adults present provide less time for food. Unsatisfied adults defend young people in general when their children are less than a week old, but this task continues to shift to attentive adults, until around the age of three weeks, when the parents present attend almost any defense. One parent at a time is generally brooding chicks, and often does so until they are two days old. They also reflect, until about 15 days after hatching, during rain, and, until about 18 days after hatching, at night. The only time when young people are not in the presence of parents is when parents respond to predators or fellow aggressive, or when married.

Sometimes there is one parent when a pair has two mains. The mother is monitored by a male, who is able to incubate his own chicks, unlike females. In this case, adults do not spend most of their time standing, and the time they spend does not diminish as a function of age. Like an attentive adult in two broodstocks, the mother parent of the mother raises the time spent feeding as the chicks get older.

The young animals live about 31 days after hatching, and generally move into moist areas in the valley and on the banks of the river. They may be treated by their parents for up to 10 days after they become adults, and extraordinary 81 days after hatching.

Around 52% to 63% of nests fail to produce young people.

Feed

The killdeer feeds mainly on insects (especially beetles and flies), in addition to the millipede, worms, snails, spiders, and some seeds. It's opportunistic taking tree frogs and dead minnows. It is foraging almost exclusively in the fields (no matter the current), especially those with cattle and short vegetation or puddles. Standing water alone does not usually have a significant effect on field choices, but when combined with livestock, it is true. While eating in water, he may use "shaking his foot", where he stands on one foot and shakes the other in the water for about five seconds, and then pecks every prey he stirs. When feeding the fields, it may follow the plow to pick up disturbed earthworms to the surface.

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Gallery

Killdeer | A Killdeer scouting the area. | Curt Hart | Flickr

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References