Hyoid bone fracture

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The hyoid bone fracture is a very rare hyoid bone fracture, accounting for 0.002% of all fractures in humans. Usually associated with strangulation and infrequent in isolation. This fracture may be related to an induced gunshot injury, car accident, or vomiting. In 50% of strangulation and 27% of the embellishments, hyoid fractures occur.

Video Hyoid bone fracture

Classification

Hyoid bone fractures are classified into three types:

• The fracture compresses inside with periosteal tears outside
• Antero-posterior compression fractures with periosteal tears
• Avulsion fracture

Maps Hyoid bone fracture

Cause

Trauma of the neck, generally by strangulation, athletic activity, and car accidents, is the cause of hyoid fractures. Other causes include severe vomiting, gunshot wounds, and hanging.

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Signs and symptoms

The main symptoms of a hyoid fracture include pain when the affected person rotates their neck, difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), and painful swallowing (odynophagia). Other symptoms may be crepitations or tenderness above the bone, suffocation when sticking out the tongue, dyspnea, dysphonia, and subcutaneous emphysema. On examination of the laryngoscope, lacerations on the pharynx, bruises, swelling, and/or bone fragments of the hyoid can be seen. If the hyoid bone is cracked, there is a high probability that the larynx, pharynx, lower jaw, and/or cervical spine can be injured as well. Common injuries include Le Fort III fractures, mandibular or cervical vertebral fractures, and mandibular dislocations.

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Diagnosis

Diagnosis can be made by using clinical examination, laryngoscope examination, and/or radiographic studies.

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Treatment and prognosis

Treatment options vary from very conservative to aggressive. Conservative options include rest, observation, pain control, dietary changes, use of nasopharyngeal tubes or oropharyngeal tubes, and antibiotic therapy. More aggressive options include improvement of hyoid and/or tracheostomy surgery. Surgical treatment is used in 10.9% of cases in meta-analysis 2012.

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Epidemiology

Hioid bone fractures represent 0.002% of all fractures; they are rare because the hyoid bone is well protected by its location in the neck behind the mandible and in front of the cervical spine, as well as its mobility. 91.3% of hyoid fractures occur in men.

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References

Source of the article : Wikipedia