" The Hollow Men " (1925) is a poem by T. S. Eliot. The themes are, like many of Eliot's poems, overlapping and fragmented, but admittedly most noticed with post-World War I Europe under the Treaty of Versailles (whom Eliot hates: comparing "Gerontion"), religious difficulties and conversion, and, as some critics point out, Eliot's own marriage failed (Vivienne Haigh-Wood Eliot might have an affair with Bertrand Russell). The poem is divided into five sections and consists of 98 lines in which the last four are "probably the most quoted lines of any 20th century poet written in English".
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Eliot's character often travels - both physically and spiritually or both. The Hollow Men seems to follow another world journey of spiritual death. This "empty man" has the awareness, humility and recognition of their mistakes and their status as a broken and lost soul.
"Human beings" fail to change their movements into action, conception for creation, desire for fulfillment. The awareness of the disunity between these thoughts and actions coupled with their consciousness of "the various kingdoms of death" and the acute diagnosis of their emptiness, complicates them to advance and penetrate their spiritual sterility. And when their poetry and journey are over, they see the "horror, horror" that Kurtz sees at The Heart of Darkness . There is a complete description of language, prayer and spirit as "the world ends/Not with bang but whining".
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Themes and context
Eliot writes that he produced the title of "The Hollow Men" by combining the "The Hollow Land" romance by William Morris with the poem "The Broken Men" by Rudyard Kipling: but it is possible that this is one of many Eliot's allusions built, and that the title comes more transparent than Shakespeare Julius Caesar or from Kurtz's character in Joseph Conrad's "Heart of Darkness" called "fake fake" and "hollow in essence".
The two inscriptions for poetry, " Murtah Kurtz - he is dead " and " One cent to Old Guy ", are allusions to Conrad's character and to Guy Fawkes, attempting an arsonist from the House of Parliament England, and a man's straw sculpture burned annually in England on Guy Fawkes Night.
Some critics read the poem as told from three perspectives, each representing the phase of soul validation into one of the kingdoms of death ("the dream kingdom of death", "the kingdom of youth of death", and "the other kingdom of death"). Eliot describes how we, the living, want to be seen by "Those who have crossed over/With direct eyes [...] not as lost souls, but only/As empty people/Those who are crammed." An eye picture of prominent figures in poetry, especially in one of Eliot's most famous lines "My eyes dare not meet in a dream". Such eyes are also generally accepted to refer to Beatrice Dante (see below).
The poet portrays figures "Gathered on the shores of the river tumid" - drawing great influence from Dante's third and fourth cantos from Inferno depicting Limbo, the first circle of Hell - showing the inability of humans to cross into Hell itself or even pleading for redemption, can not talk to God. Dancing "around the prickly pears," the characters worshiped false gods, remembering children and reflecting Eliot's interpretation of Western culture after World War I.
The last verse is probably the most widely quoted of all of Eliot's poems:
When asked if he would write these sentences again, Eliot replied with a 'no':
One reason is that while the bombing association H is irrelevant to it, it will come to everybody's mind. Another is that he does not believe the world will end well. The people whose homes were bombed told him that they did not remember hearing anything.
Other important references include the Our Father's Prayer, Shakespeare's Julius Caesar , and Conrad's
Publication information
This poem was first published as it is now known on November 23, 1925, in Eliot's Poems: 1909-1925 . Eliot is known for collecting poetry and poetry fragments to produce new works. This is clearly seen in his poems The Hollow Men and "Ash-Wednesday" in which he incorporated previously published poetry to be part of a larger work. In the case of The Hollow Men four of the previous five parts of poetry are published:
- "PoÃÆ'¨me", published in the Winter 1924 edition Commerce (with French translation), becomes Part I of The Hollow Men .
- Doris's Dream Songs in the November 1924 edition Chapbook has three poems: "The last eye I saw while crying", "The wind blows at four o'clock in the morning." 'Hours', and "This is a dead land." The third poem becomes Part III of The Hollow Men .
- Eliot's three poems appeared in the January 1925 issue of his Criteria magazine: "My eyes dare not meet in a dream", "The last eye I see crying", and "Eyes are not here". The first poem became Part II of The Hollow Men and the third became Part IV.
- In addition, March 1925 of Dial was published The Hollow Men , I-III which was finally converted into The Hollow Men Part I, II , and IV in Poetry: 1909-1925 .
(Publication information from Gallup)
Influence in culture
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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