Pembroke is a town in Robeson County, North Carolina, United States. It is about 90 miles inland and northwest of the Atlantic Coast. The population is 2,973, at the 2010 census. The city is a recognized Lumbee tribal center of North Carolina state, as well as the home of The University of North Carolina at Pembroke.
Video Pembroke, North Carolina
Geography
Pembroke is located on 34Ã, Â ° 40? 55? N 79Ã, Â ° 11? 45? W (34.681949, -79.195765).
According to the US Census Bureau, the city has a total area of ​​2.3 square miles (6.0 km 2 ), all land.
Maps Pembroke, North Carolina
Demographics
According to the 2000 census, there were 2,399 people, 961 households, and 611 families living in the city. Population density is 1,023.9 ​​â € <â €
There were 961 households in which 35.7% had children under 18 living with them, 27.3% were married couples living together, 32.5% had non-husbands female households, and 36.4% were not family. 32.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.2% had someone living alone 65 or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 3.12.
In cities, the population is spread by 34.8% under the age of 18, 11.5% from 18 to 24, 25.8% from 25 to 44, 17.6% from 45 to 64, and 10.3% years or more. The median age was 27 years. For every 100 women, there are 75.2 men. For every 100 women age 18 and over, there are 64.9 men.
The average income for households in the city is $ 18,355, and the average income for families is $ 21,218. Men have an average income of $ 26,875 compared to $ 21,510 for women. The per capita income for the city is $ 10,202. Approximately 39.9% of families and 40.7% of the population are below the poverty line, including 54.3% of those under the age of 18 and 34.1% of those aged 65 and older.
According to the US Census 2010, the population is 2,937. Of these, 1,975 (66.43%) were American Indians or Alaskan Native, 489 (16.45%) were White, 367 (12.34%) were Black or African American, 101 (3.40%) were two or more races, 18 (0.61%) some other races, 17 (0.57%) are Asian, 6 (0.20%) are natives of Hawaii or other Pacific Islands. 65 (2.19%) are Hispanic or Latino from any race.
History
Pembroke was formerly known as Raleigh. The current archaeological excavations conducted throughout Robeson District reveal a long and rich history of widespread occupation, especially near the Wood River (formerly known by the colonists as Drowning Creek), since the end of the last Ice Age. Indigenous settlements are located along the Wood River. The artifacts found there are dates for the early Woodland period. These artifacts include items showing that Native American settlements along the river are part of a vast network of trade with other areas of what is now Southeastern United States.
After colonial contact, European-made goods, such as the kaolin tobacco pipe, were traded by the Spaniards, French and English to Native Americans on the coast. These items have been revealed among the archeological artifacts, proving the trade.
The swamps, streams, and artesian wells provide water supplies for indigenous people. Fish is abundant, and the lush vegetation in the region includes many food crops. "The Bay of Carolina", creeks, swamps, pocosins, and longleaf pines continue to mark the typical wetland landscape of Pembroke.
In 1725, a colonial British surveyor for the Wineau factory mapped the village of Waccamaw on what is now known as the Wood River, a few miles west of Pembroke at this time. In 1754, North Carolina Governor Arthur Dobbs received a report from his agent, Colonel Rutherford, head of Bladen County militia, that 50 families lived along Drowning Creek (now known as the Wood River); they are Irish immigrants north of ireland and plateau. Communications also reported the shooting of a surveyor who entered the area "to see empty land." They reported no Indians in the Robeson County area.
In the 18th century, various European-American colonies settled in the area as well as Lumbee's ancestors. The last few are believed to have migrated from the Roanoke River area of ​​Halifax and the Edgecombe region of North Carolina. Other Lumbee ancestor names have been traced to free free colored people established in Virginia, especially Louisa County, before the American Revolutionary War. After the war, they and neighbors migrated to other areas.
The Lowry War of 1861 to 1874, considered significant in Lumbee history, occurred in and around Pembroke. The uprising was led by Henry Berry Lowry, Lumbee, 17, whose father and brother were killed by the Confederate Kingdom Guard. This band of criminals Native Americans, African Americans and Whites waged a seven-year guerrilla war against Homeguard and the regional elite in areas near Robeson and Pembroke. During the battle, Lowry and many others fled into the surrounding swamps, tactics they used repeatedly, helping them avoid arrest.
As the American Civil War dragged on, food became scarce in the area, as more thieves (including escaped slaves, Confederate deserters and Union prisons escaped) escaped to this shelter. The criminals decided to live from the rich, not the poor. The band raided the estate and distributed food to the poor in Pembroke, later known as "Scuffletown" or "The Settlement". Towards the end of the century, the city was renamed the official Jones Officer of the railroad.
At the end of the 19th century, families who had become colored people before the Civil War petitioned the state to have their own Indian school. The state representative Hamilton McMillan supports this and suggests they should be called the Croatan Indians. The state allows them to have separate schools from those who serve the liberated children. Under a separate racial system, they were expelled from school for whites.
The Old Main, The University of North Carolina at Pembroke and Pembroke High School, Former listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Today
Pembroke is the seat of the Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina Indian tribe, the largest state tribe of America in the east of the Mississippi River. This is the largest state-recognized tribe that does not have a reservation. The origins of Lumbee have been historically debated, because people are multi-racial. At one time, the group was described as a tri-racial isolate. In the 1950s, those identified as Native Americans voted for the name Lumbee, after what is now known as the Lumbee River.
Pembroke is the home of UNC Pembroke, a master's level university degree and one of 17 schools comprising the University of North Carolina system. It was incorporated in the University of North Carolina system in 1972 and officially became the University of North Carolina at Pembroke in 1996. The number of enrollments at the university was 6,944 in 2010. With a ratio of 16: 1 students to the faculty, the average class size is 21. Pembroke is the safest campus among UNC schools by US News and World Report and is one of the most diverse in the country. According to their motto, it's "Where learning becomes private."
Famous people
- Nate Andrews, a former Premiership baseball player who plays for five teams in a span of eight seasons. 1944 All-Star National League.
- Chris Chavis (Lumbee), a professional wrestler better known as "Tatanka" and "The War Eagle"; he is a former member of World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE).
- Henry Berry Lowrie (Lumbee), leader of the Lowry gang during the Civil War, is popular among blacks and whites poor. Lowrie became a cultural hero for Lumbee.
- Kelvin Sampson, head coach of the University of Houston, former state head coach of Washington State, Oklahoma University, and Indiana University.
See also
- Lowry War
References
- William McKee Evans, "To Die Game:" The Story of the Lowry Band, Syracuse University Press, 1995
- Adolph L. Dial, David K. Eliades, "The Only Land I Know: The History of the Lumbee Indians" , Syracuse University Press, 1996
- Karen I. Blu, Lumbee Problem: American Indian Creation , University of Nebraska Press, 2001
- E. Stanly Godbold, Jr. and Mattie U. Russell, Head of the Confederation of Colonel Dan Cherokee: The Life of William Holland Thomas , University of Tennessee Press, 1990
External links
- Lumbee Study Center
- The official website of Pembroke, NC
- Lumbee Homecoming
- Attacking the Wind
- Lumbee Powwow
- About Pembroke UNC
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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