Nomophobia is the name proposed for phobia out of cell phone contacts. However, it can be argued that the word "phobia" is misused and in most cases it is another form of anxiety disorder.
Although nomophobia does not appear in the current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder, the Fifth Edition (DSM-5) has been proposed as a "specific phobia", based on the definitions given in DSM-IV. According to Bianchi and Philips (2005) psychological factors involved in excessive use of mobile phones. This can include low self-esteem (when people are looking for certainty using the phone in an inappropriate way) and extroverted personality (when the social individual naturally uses the phone to the excess). It is also very likely that the symptoms of nomophobia can be caused by other underlying and pre-existing mental disorders, with possible candidates including social phobia or social anxiety disorder, social anxiety, and panic disorder.
The term, an abbreviation for "no-mobile-phone phobia", was created during a 2008 study by the British Post Office that commissioned YouGov, a UK-based research organization that evaluates the anxiety suffered by mobile users. The study found that nearly 53% of mobile phone users in the UK tend to be anxious when they "lose their phones, run out of batteries or credit, or have no network coverage". The study, taking a sample of 2,163 people, found that about 58% of men and 47% of women suffer from phobias, and an additional 9% feel stressed when their phones are off. 55% of those surveyed cited keeping in touch with friends or family as the main reason they become anxious when they can not use their cell phones. This study compared the stress levels induced by the case of nomophobic averages to be equivalent to "nervous wedding day" and a trip to the dentist.
Another study found that of 547 men, undergraduate students in Health Services, 23% of students were classified as nomophobic, while an additional 64% were at risk of developing nomophobia. Of these students, about 77% check their phones 35 or more times a day.
More than one of the two nomophobs never turn off their phones. Studies and subsequent coverage of the phobia resulted in two editorial columns written by individuals who minimized the use of their phones or chose not to have them at all. These authors appear to treat the condition with mild mocking tones, or disbelief and amusement.
Classical language does not like this word or approve it, because of its confusion with the existing nomofobia, though rare, the fear of law, rules or regulations. The latter comes from the Greek nomos (law, rule or rule) which is seen in other words such as astronomy (rules about the stars), cooking skills (rules on food and eating), autonomy (self-governing (the rules governing state or household finances), antinomies (laws contrary to other laws), metronomes (instruments for regulating meters or beat), nomocracies (rule of law in society), nomografi (law) in written form), nomology (study or law science), nomotete (legal giver), and ancient anomy (lawlessness). The neologistic meaning referred to in this article, relating to mobile phones, seems to have been adopted by the younger generation, and by those who lack a deeper understanding of Oxford's guidance on word construction, where the Greek words are usually attached to the word- Greek (and Latin to Latin, etc.) words.
Video Nomophobia
Research evidence
With technological change, new challenges arise every day. A new type of phobia has emerged (called techno-phobia). Since the first mobile phones were introduced to the consumer market in 1983, these devices have become mainstream in most societies.
Shambare, Rugimbana & amp; Zhowa (2012) states that mobile phones are "probably the biggest non-drug addict of the 21st century", and that students can spend up to nine hours each day on their mobile phones, which can lead to dependence on technologies such as drivers of modern life and examples of " paradox of technology ". which is liberating and enslaving.
A survey conducted by SecurEnvoy shows that young adults and teenagers are more likely to suffer from nomophobia. The same survey reported that 77% of adolescents reported anxiety and anxiety when they were without their cell phones, followed by age groups 25-34 and people over 55 years old. Some of the psychological predictors to look for in someone who may be suffering from this phobia are "self-negativity, younger age, low self-esteem and self-efficacy, high extroversion or introversion, impulsiveness and sense of urgency and sensation."
Among students, frequent mobile phone use has been correlated with average grade impairment (IPK) and anxiety enhancement that negatively impacts self-reported life satisfaction (well-being and happiness) compared to students with lesser use. Decreasing GPA may be due to excessive use of the phone or the use of computers takes time and focus during learning, attending classes, doing tasks, and disrupting cell phones during class. Excessive use of mobile phones can increase anxiety because of the pressure to continue connecting to social networks and can deprive the opportunities of perceived solitude, eliminating the daily stress, which has been linked as a component of wellbeing.
According to one study, the first thing done by 61% of people after getting up early is checking their smartphone. Furthermore, 77% of adolescents reported anxiety when they were without mobile phones.
Other experiments
In Australia, 946 adolescents and adults appearing between the ages of 15 and 24 participated in cell phone research studies (387 men, 557 women, and two chose not to report gender). This study focuses on the relationship between the frequency of mobile phone use and psychological involvement with their mobile phones. Researchers assessed some of the psychological factors that may affect cell phone use of participants with the following questionnaires: Mobile Phone Involvement Questionnaire (MPIQ), Mobile Usage Frequency, Identity, and Validation from others. MPIQ is judged to be behavioral addictions using the seven-point Likert scale ( 1 - strongly agree ) and ( 7 - strongly disagree ) which includes statements like: "I often think about my phone when I do not use it.... I feel connected to others when I use my phone. "
The results show a moderate difference between the participant's cell phone use and their psychological connection with a cell phone. No pathological conditions are found, but there is excessive use of mobile phones that show signs of attachment. Participants who show signs of excessive use of the phone are more likely to increase their use when receiving validation from others. Another factor considered, the studied population focused on adolescents and adults who appear more likely to develop cell phone dependency as they may be through self-identity, self-esteem, and social identity.
Patients with panic disorders and anxiety disorders are susceptible to cell phone dependence. A study in Brazil compared the symptoms experienced by mobile phone use by heterosexual participants with panic disorder and healthy control group participants. Group 1 consisted of 50 participants with panic disorder and agoraphobia with an average age of 43, and group 2 consisted of 70 healthy participants without interruption and an average age of 35 years. During the trial participants were given their own mobile reporting questionnaires that assessed mobile phone use and symptoms reported by both groups.
Interestingly, 44% of group 1 reported that they felt "safe" when they had their phones versus 46% of group 2 reported that they would not feel the same without their cell phones. The results showed that 68% of all participants reported mobile dependence, but overall participants with panic disorder and agoraphobia reported significantly more emotional symptoms and dependence on the phone when compared to the control group when access to mobile phones was prohibited.
Maps Nomophobia
Symptoms and signs
Nomophobia occurs in situations when a person experiences anxiety for fear of not having access to a cell phone. The "over-connection" syndrome occurs when mobile phone usage reduces the number of face-to-face interactions that interfere significantly with social interactions and individual families. The term "techno-stress" is another way of describing someone who avoids face-to-face interaction by engaging in isolation including psychological mood disorders such as depression.
Anxiety is triggered by several factors, such as loss of phone, lost reception, and dead phone battery. Some of the clinical characteristics of nomophobia include using impulsive devices, as protection from social communication, or as transitional objects. Observed behaviors include having one or more devices with access to the internet, always carrying a charger, and experiencing feelings of anxiety when thinking about losing a cell phone.
Another clinical characteristic of nomophobia is the diminished number of face-to-face interactions with humans, replaced by an increasing preference for communication through the technology interface, keeping devices affordably sleeping and never dying, and often viewing the phone screen to avoid message loss, calls phone, or notification (also called ring anxiety). Nomophobia can also cause an increase in debt due to excessive use of data and different devices that the person may have. Nomophobia can also cause physical problems such as elbow, hand, and neck pain due to repeated use.
Irrational reactions and extreme reactions due to anxiety and stress may be experienced by individuals in public settings where mobile phone use is restricted, such as at airports, academic institutions, hospitals and workplaces. Overuse of mobile phones for everyday activities such as purchasing goods can cause individual financial problems. Signs of pressure and depression occur when an individual does not receive any contact via a cell phone. Signs of mobile attachments also include a push to sleep with a cell phone. The ability to communicate via mobile phones provides peace of mind and individual security.
Nomophobia can act as a proxy for other disorders. Those who suffer from underlying social disorders tend to experience anxiety, anxiety, sadness, sweat, and trembling when separated or unable to use their digital devices due to low battery, outside service area, no connection, etc. People like this will often insist on keeping their device in hand at all times, usually returning to their homes to retrieve missed phones.
The behavior of nomophobia can reinforce the tendency of social anxiety and dependence on the use of virtual and digital communication as a method of reducing stress generated by social anxiety and social phobia. Those suffering from panic disorder may also exhibit nomophobic behavior, however, they may report feelings of rejection, loneliness, insecurity, and low self-esteem in terms of their phones, especially when time with little or no contact (multiple incoming calls and messages). Those who have panic disorder may feel more anxious and depressed with the use of their phones. Nonetheless, those suffering from panic disorder are significantly less likely to make voice calls.
Symptoms
- anxiety
- respiratory changes
- shaking
- sweat
- agitation
- disorientation
- tachycardia
Emotional symptoms
- depression
- panic
- fear
- dependency
- rejection
- low self esteem
- loneliness
Treatment
Currently, scientifically proven and empirically proven treatments are very limited because of their relatively new concepts. However, promising treatments include cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy and are combined with pharmacological interventions. Treatment using tranylcypromine and clonazepam successfully reduced the effects of nomophobia.
Cognitive behavioral therapy seems to be effective by strengthening independent autonomous behavior from technological influences; however, this form of treatment has no random path. Another possible treatment is the "Reality Approach," or Reality therapy that asks the patient to focus the behavior away from the phone. [14] In extreme or severe cases, neuropsychopharmacology may be advantageous, from benzodiazepine to antidepressants as usual. dose. [14] The patient was also successfully treated using tranylcypromine in combination with clonazepam. However, it is important to note that these drugs are designed to treat social anxiety disorders rather than nomophobia directly. It may be rather difficult to treat nomophobia directly, but it makes more sense to investigate, identify, and treat the underlying mental disorders if they exist.
Although nomophobia is a fairly novel concept, there is a validated psychometric scale available to aid in diagnostics, an example of this scale being the "Mobile Phone Dependence Questionnaire (QDMP/TMPD)".
See also
- Autophobia, afraid to be alone
- Internet addiction disorder
- The phone is overused
- Technostress
- Phobia phone
- De Quervain's syndrome
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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