Hudson Heights is a subdivision of housing in the Washington Heights area of ​​Upper Manhattan, New York City. Many residences in apartment buildings, many of which are cooperatives, and most were built in the 1920s to the 1940s. The Art Deco style stands out, along with the Tudor Revival. Leading complexes include Hudson View Gardens and Castle Village, developed by Dr. Charles V. Paterno, and designed by George F. Pelham and his son, George F. Pelham, Jr., respectively.
The neighborhood is set on a plateau above a tall cliff overlooking the Hudson River to the west and Broadway Valley of Washington Heights to the east, and includes the highest natural point in Manhattan, located at Bennett Park. At 265 feet (81 m) above sea level, it is several dozen feet lower than the torch at the Statue of Liberty.
At the north end of the neighborhood, where Cabrini Boulevard meets Fort Washington Avenue in the Margaret Corbin Circle, is Fort Tryon Park, concealed by John D. Rockefeller Jr., designed by Olmsted Brothers, and awarded to the city by Rockefeller in 1931. The park contained in it The Cloisters - also contained by Rockefeller - which holds the medieval art collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Video Hudson Heights, Manhattan
Boundaries and geography
Similar to many other neighborhoods undergoing gentrification in New York City, the Washington Heights area was renamed by real estate brokers in the 1990s to sound more appealing to different communities than those attracted to the main part of Washington Heights. Like many New York City neighborhoods, the boundaries of Hudson Heights are not right. One definition has been limited by the Hudson River to the west, Broadway to the east, 173rd Street to the south, and Fort Tryon Park in the north, but others will limit the environment to the top of the high ridge that separates physically from the rest of Washington Heights. By this definition, Hudson Heights is bordered on the west by Henry Hudson Parkway, east by Fort Washington Avenue, south by West 181st Street and north by Fort Tryon Park. The ridge of the neighborhood is across the river to the west and the Broadway valley to the east. By 2018, The New York Times defines it as adjacent to 173rd Street to the south, Bennett Avenue to the east, northern boundary of Fort Tryon Park in the north, and the Hudson River to the west..
Using tighter borders, the main north-south roads in the neighborhood are Fort Washington Avenue (two ways), Pinehurst Avenue (one way to the south) and Cabrini Boulevard (formerly Northern Avenue, one way to the north). Riverside Drive runs intermittently along the ridge to the west, while Bennett Avenue and Overlook Terrace do the same to the east, with Overlook Avenue climbing to the top of a hill on West 190th Street. The east-west streets are all numbered, from West 181st Street to West 190th Street, but none of the streets, with the exception of West 181 at the southern end of the ridge, cross over the road through the neighborhood: they are all disturbed at one point or another , which makes navigating the area difficult for those who are not familiar with its peculiarities.
Maps Hudson Heights, Manhattan
History
the 17th century
Before European explorers and settlers, the Lenape Indians lived on an island they called Manhatta. Just north of Hudson Heights, in what is now called Inwood Hill Park, the tribe of Lenape traded the island for items worth around 60 Dutch Gilders in a deal with Peter Minuit in 1626. He named the island New Amsterdam. The northern area of ​​central Manhattan was called Niew Haarlem until the British occupied the area during the Revolutionary War. They renamed the Lancaster area, and gave it a northern border near where it is now 129th. The ridge overlooking the Hudson River was once populated by the Chquaesgeck Indians. It was later called Lange Bergh (Long Hill) by Dutch settlers until the 17th century.
18th and 19th centuries
In the 18th century, only the southern part of the island was inhabited by Europeans, leaving most of Manhattan untouched. Among the many unspoiled lands are the highest places on the island, providing an unmatched view of what will become the New York metropolitan area.
When the Revolutionary War came to New York, England was in the wind. General George Washington and troops from his Continental Army camped in the highlands, calling it Fort Washington, to monitor the advanced Redcoats. The Continental Army withdrew from its location after their defeat on November 16, 1776, in the Battle of Fort Washington. Britain took a position and renamed it Fort Knyphausen in honor of the Hessian leaders, who had taken a large part in England's victory. Their location is in what is now called Bennett Park. Fort Washington has been established as an offensive position to prevent British ships sailing north on the Hudson River. Fort Lee, across the river, is his twin, built to help defend the Hudson Valley.
Not far from the castle there is the Blue Bell Tavern, located at the junction of Kingsbridge Road, where Broadway and West 181st Street cut off today, in the southeast corner of modern Hudson Heights. On July 9, 1776, when the New York Provincial Congress approved the Declaration of Independence, "A bunch of rowdy soldiers and civilians ('no one is worthy' attended, a later witness said)... marched to Broadway to Bowling Green, where they overthrew the statue of George III which was founded in 1770. His head was nailed at Blue Bell Tavern... "
The store was later used by Washington and its staff as the British evacuated New York, standing in front of them as they watched American troops march south to recapture New York.
In 1856 the first recorded house was built on the site of Fort Washington. The Moorewood Residence was there until the 1880s. The property was purchased by Richard Carman and sold to James Gordon Bennett Sr. for a summer plantation in 1871. Bennett's descendants then gave the land to the city to build a park that respected the Revolutionary War camp. Bennett Park is part of that land. Lucius Chittenden, a New Orleans merchant, built a house on the land he bought in 1846 west of what is now Cabrini Boulevard and West 187th Street. It was known as the Chittenden estate by 1864. C. P. Bucking, a sheepskin producer, named his home on land near Hudson "Pinehurst", a name that survives as Pinehurst Avenue.
Beginning in the mid-20th century
At the turn of the 20th century, forests began to be cleared for homes. The area was inhabited by Irish immigrants in the early years of this century.
The current cliff of Fort Tryon Park is held by Cornelius Kingsley mansion Garrison Billings, a retired president of the Chicago Coke and Gas Company. He bought 25 acres (100,000 m 2 ) and built Tryon Hall, a Louis XIV-style house designed by Gus Lowell. It has a galleried driveway off Henry Hudson Parkway which is 50 feet (15 m) tall and is made of Maine granite. In 1917, Billings sold the land to John D. Rockefeller Jr. for $ 35,000 per acre. Tryon Hall was destroyed by fire in 1925. The ground became the basis for the book "The Dragon Murder Case" by SS Van Dine, in which detective Philo Vance had to finish the killing on the estate, where a dragon was supposed to live.
Fort Tryon
The beginning of this section of Washington Heights as an environment-in-the-neighborhood-seems to have started around this time, in the years before World War II. A scholar refers to the area in 1940 as "Fort Tryon" and "Fort Tryon area." In 1989, Steven M. Lowenstein wrote, "The greatest social distance can be found between the areas to the northwest, just south of Fort Tryon Park, which is, and remains, the most prestigious part... This distinction was mentioned in 1940, continued in 1970 and is still seen even in 1980... "
Lowenstein considers Fort Tryon to be the area west of Broadway, east of Hudson, north of West 181st Street, and south of Dyckman Street, which includes Fort Tryon Park. He writes, "Inside the core area of ​​Washington Heights (between 155th Street and Dyckman Street) there are considerable internal differences, further north and west, the more prestigious the environment..."
During World War I, immigrants from Hungary and Poland moved to Ireland. Later, as Nazism grew in Germany, the Jews escaped from their homeland. In the late 1930s, more than 20,000 refugees from Germany settled in Washington Heights.
Frankfurt-on-the-Hudson
In the years after World War II, the neighborhood was referred to as Frankfurt-on-the-Hudson because of the dense population of German and Austrian Jews who settled there. A large number of Germans living in the area are from Frankfurt-am-Main, possibly giving rise to a new name. There was no other neighborhood in the city that was populated by so many German Jews, who had created their own central German world in the 1930s.
So cosmopolitan is the world that in 1934 the New York-German Club Club started Aufbau , a bulletin for its members that grew into newspapers. His office was nearby on Broadway. The newspaper is known as "the leading intellectual voice and main forum of German Jews in the United States," according to the German Embassy in Washington, DC. "It features works by eminent writers and intellectuals such as Thomas Mann, Albert Einstein, Stefan Zweig, and Hannah Arendt. It was the only newspaper to report on the Holocaust atrocities during World War II. "
In 1941 Aufbau Almanac published a guide to life in the United States that explains the American political system, education, insurance law, post office and sports. After the war, Aufbau assisted families who had been scattered by the European battle to reconnect by listing the names of survivors. The Aufbau Office finally moved to the Upper West Side. The paper nearly went bankrupt in 2006, but was bought by Media AG, and now exists as a monthly news magazine. His editorial office is now in Berlin, but it stores correspondents in New York.
When Jewish immigrant children into the Hudson Heights area grow up, they tend to leave the neighborhood, and sometimes, the city. In 1960 German Jews represented only 16% of the population in Frankfurt-on-the-Hudson. The environment became less bright Jews into the 1970s as Soviet immigrants moved into the area.
After Soviet immigration, families from the Caribbean, especially Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic, made it their home. So many Dominicans live in Washington Heights who are candidates for the presidency of the Dominican Republic in a parade in the area. In the 1980s, African-Americans began to move, followed by other groups. "Frankfurt-on-the-Hudson" no longer describes the area.
The twentieth and early twenty-first centuries
"Hudson Heights" began to be used as a name for the neighborhood around 1993. Environmental activists formed a group in late 1992 to help promote the environment and after considering several names, settled on one that became part of their organization's name: Hudson Heights Coalition Owner. According to one of the group's founders, real estate brokers did not start using the name until after the group was formed.
The new name replaces ancient references to German heritage, which some critics have criticized, although the German-speaking population may be ignored. Although many Russian speakers still live there, Spanish speakers are far more than Russophones, and English remains a lingua franca.
Elizabeth Ritter, president of owner group, said, "We do not intend to change the name of the environment, but we are careful in choosing the name of the organization." In 2011, Curbed New York published in an article using Hudson Heights as an example of "How to Gentrify a Neighborhood", the first step is "Create a nickname to separate the area from its crime - puzzle. "
Today the name "Hudson Heights" has been adopted by art organizations such as Hudson Heights Duo and Hudson Heights String Academy, and businesses include Hudson Heights Pediatrics and Hudson Heights Restoration. Newspapers from The Wall Street Journal and The New York Times to The Voice using the name that refers to the environment, as The The < New York Sun before the bankruptcy, Money magazine in an article in November 2007 called Hudson Heights, the best neighborhood for retirement in New York City. "Hudson Heights" was used by Gourmet magazine in an article in September 2007 about eating in Washington Heights, and by The New Yorker in May 2016 about a concert at The Cloisters.
Demographics and real estate
The 2010 Census determined that the environmental population, using a definition larger than its boundaries, south to West 173rd Street, became 29,000, with 44% being non-Hispanic whites, and 43% Hispanic.
In 2012, the average cooperative in the neighborhood sells for $ 388,000, while in 2013 the average price is $ 397,000. In 2012 166 is sold, while 244 is sold in 2013. Rents are approximately $ 1,400 per month for studio apartments, $ 1,700- $ 2,000 for one-bedroom apartments, and about $ 3,000 for two bedrooms; higher prices if the apartment for a sublet in the co-op building.
Residences
Almost every structure was built before World War II - which in New York real estate is referred to as pre-war - many of them in the Art Deco style. The facade at Tudor is also well represented, while others are in Art Nouveau style, Neo-Classical, and Collegiate Gothic. Many apartment houses are co-operative and some condominiums; the rest is still a rental building.
The largest residential complex in the area was started by real estate developer Dr. Charles V. Paterno; Hudson View Gardens opened in 1924 and was originally started and sold as a housing cooperative. The Tudor-style complex is designed by architect George F. Pelham, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places by 2016. Pelham also designed The Pinehurst on Fort Washington Avenue on West 180th Street, which opened in 1908. Paterno is remembered by Paterno Trivium, founded on spring 2000 at the intersection of Cabrini Boulevard, Pinehurst Avenue, and West 187th Street.
Pelham's son, George F. Pelham Jr., is the architect of Castle Village, on the other side of Cabrini Boulevard. A series of five buildings was completed in 1939 and converted into a co-op in 1985. On 12 May 2005, a 65-foot retaining wall separating Castle Village complex from Henry Hudson Parkway collapsed into the northern lane of the parkway and north road 181st in Street. The wall sections are almost 100 years old according to records showing that the walls were built between 1905 and 1930s. This collapse led to the closure of the above road for more than two and a half years; the entrance reopened in March 2008.
Beginning in the 1980s, some rental buildings in the area began to switch to housing or condominium cooperatives. In recent years, Hudson Heights has become an attractive area for home buyers who want to live in Manhattan but can not afford to buy prices downtown, or who want a larger home than in Manhattan. Several co-ops and condos in the area formed the Hudson Heights Ownership Coalition in 1993.
Another great cooperative is Cabrini Terrace 16 storeys on 400 West 190th Street, the tallest building in the neighborhood. Co-op council members successfully lobbied the legislature to amend legislation granting tax credits for the installation of residential solar panels to include apartment buildings, which have been excluded. Cabrini Terrace inaugurated a solar panel at a ceremony on January 24, 2008.
Culture, food and shopping
A well-known museum in this area is The Cloisters in Fort Tryon Park, where houses of the Metropolitan Art Museum and displays a collection of Medieval art. In September, the park hosts the Medieval Middle Ages, a free fair with costumed people, food and music. In the September 2007 issue, Gourmet describes Dominican restaurants in Washington Heights and Inwood, including many in Hudson Heights.
Hudson Heights is one of the neighborhoods in Upper Manhattan who participated in The Art Stroll, an annual art festival that highlights local artists. Public venues in Washington Heights, Inwood and Marble Hill host galleries, readings, performances, and market fronts for several weeks each summer.
Bennett Park is the site of the highest natural point in Manhattan, as well as a memorial on the east side of the walled gardens of Fort Washington, marked on the ground by rocks with the inscription read: "Fort Washington Built And Defended By The American Army 1776." The land for the park was donated by James Gordon Bennett, Jr., publisher of New York Herald . His father, James Gordon Bennett, Sr., bought the land and was previously the Herald publisher. Bennett Park hosts an annual Harvest Festival in September and a Halloween Children's Parade - with a trick-or-treat afterward - at All Hallow's Eve.
Many small shops are located on West 181st Street at the southern edge of the neighborhood, and along Broadway near its border. In the middle of the neighborhood itself, there is a small shopping area on West 187th Street between Cabrini Boulevard and Fort Washington Avenue.
Upper Manhattan News is published weekly at The Manhattan Times, a bilingual newspaper. The annual restaurant guide, highlights the growing restaurant scene in the area. The event is also listed on Washington Heights & amp; Inwood Online Calendar .
Near Hudson Heights there are United Palace, churches, live music venues and a non-profit cultural center located at 4140 Broadway between West 175th and 176th Streets. Built in 1930 as Loew's 175th Street Theater, a movie palace - one of five Loews in New York City - designed by architect Thomas W. Lamb. The luxurious and eclectic interior decoration is overseen by Harold Rambusch. The theater originally presented the film and vaudeville live and operated continuously until it was closed by Loew in 1969. That same year it was purchased for over half a million dollars by Rev. television evangelist. Frederick J. Eikerenkoetter II, better known as Reverend Ike. The theater became the headquarters of the United Institute of Life Science Institute and was named the Cathedral Palace. It was completely restored and still maintained by the United Church. The building was designated a New York City landmark by the New York City Landmark Conservation Commission on December 13, 2016.
Religion
Immigrant Roman Catholic patron saint, Mother Francesca Saverio Cabrini, is buried in her shrine near the northern end of Fort Washington Avenue. Cabrini, the first American saint, was beatified in November 1938. He founded the Missionary Sister of the Sacred Heart. The name of the street on the west side of the school and the temple was changed in 1939 from Northern Avenue to Cabrini Boulevard.
Washington Heights is the home of Khal Adath Jeshurun ​​(KAJ or "Breuer"), an Ashkenazi Jewish-Jewish congregation founded in the late 1930s. The congregation maintains the typical German-Jewish worship, liturgical, practice, and melody. There are several educational institutions associated with KAJ as well.
Other churches and synagogues in the area include our Savior's Savior's Redemptive Church; Mount Sinai Anshe Assembly; Hebrew Tabernacle of Washington Heights; Uptown Community Church; Beth Am, The People's Temple; Fort Washington Collegiate Church; Fort Tryon Jewish Center; Holyrood Church; and the Congregation of Shaare Hatikvah Ahavath Torah v'Tikvoh Chadoshoh.
Education
For Kindergarten grades up to 8, Hudson Heights is categorized to the Department of Education of New York City, P.S./I.S. 187 Hudson Cliffs; it has 796 students in the academic year 2016-2017. By 2013, 43% of students in the third grade of the school meet state standards in English, compared to 28% across the city. The School Quality Snapshot of 2016-17 shows that 51% of school students meet state standards in English and Mathematics, compared to 41% in the city and 38% in Mathematics.
Another public school in the definition of an expanded environment is P.S. 173, is located on Fort Washington Avenue between West 173 and 174th Streets, which includes pre-K classes up to 5. P.S. The state exam score of 173 shows that 34% meets country standards in English, compared to 40% in all cities, and 37% meets Mathematics standards, compared to 42% in the city as a whole.
It is also located in the neighborhood of Ms. Cabrini Middle School, which closes at the end of 2013-14 school year; this building is now the Success Academy School.
Private schools in public areas, including nearby Inwood, including the Osher Early Learning Center; Nursery School Medical Center; YM/YWHA from Washington Heights and Inwood Nursery School; and City College Academy of the Arts, a project funded by Bill & amp; Melinda Gates Foundation.
Hospital
The neighborhood does not have a local hospital. Former Hospital St. Elizabeth at 689 Fort Washington Avenue on West 190th Street has now been converted into a cooperative apartment. The nearest hospital is Allen Hospital at the northernmost tip of Manhattan, and Columbia University Medical Center on West 169th Street, both parts of the Presbyterian system of New York.
Transportation
Both subway entrances at Hudson Heights are famous. The subway entrances at Fort Washington Avenue and West 193rd Street, which leads to the 190th Street station at the A service, are the only New York City Subway entrance in Gothic style; Although it was originally built, it was a plain brick building: a stone facade was added later to bring the building into alignment with the entrance to Fort Tryon Park just across from Margarine Corbin Circle. The station is listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005. The station also has the distinction of being one of the deepest in all subway systems with distance to the ground. The entrance to 184th Street at 181st Street station, served by the A train as well, is also prominent between the entrance to the city's subway station.
Both stations provide an elevator connection between Hudson Heights, on a hilltop, and the Broadway valley of Washington Heights below. The 190 Street Station lifts lead to the entrance on Bennett Avenue just north of 193rd Street West, and the 184th Street lift goes to Overlook Terrace and 184th Street. When initially built, the tariff control for both entrances was located at the station house, outside the lift, meaning that they could only be used by paying for subway fare, but both had controlled the rate down to the mezzanine level, making the lifts free for the residents of the neighborhood for use, and provides easier pedestrian connections between Hudson Heights and the rest of Washington Heights.
The George Washington Bridge bus terminal, on West 179th Street and Fort Washington Avenue, was designed by Italian architect and economist Pier Luigi Nervi and was built in 1963. From a distance, the large ventilation ducts look like concrete butterflies. Nervi's breasts sit in the terminal lobby. The station has undergone renovations and is expected to reopen in the summer of 2015. More than 100,000 square feet of new stores will be included in the updated stations.
The George Washington Bridge, seen for miles from its entrance at 179th Street, earned this award from renowned architect Le Corbusier:
George Washington Bridge over Hudson is the most beautiful bridge in the world. Made of wires and steel beams, it shimmered in the sky like a reversed arch. It is blessed. This is the only place of grace in this chaotic city.
Under the bridge, in the east, is the Little Red Lighthouse, where the name festivals are held at the end of summer, and where the 5.85 mile (9.41 km) recreation pool is completed in early fall. It is also a popular place to observe peregrine hawks and the migration of the king's butterflies.
Streets
The main north/south road in Hudson Heights is:
- Fort Washington Avenue - named Fort Washington, last position of Defense of the Continental Army in New York before it was taken over by the British in the American Revolutionary War.
- Pinehurst Avenue - named "Pinehurst", sheep sheep production plant C. P. Bucking
- Cabrini Boulevard - formerly "Northern Avenue", this street was renamed in 1938 to Ms. Cabrini, later canonized by the Roman Catholic Church.
- Overlooking Terraces - which runs along the bottom of the ridge from West 190th to 184th Street, is named for the view above the road, before it goes down
- Bennett Avenue - which runs at the bottom of the ridge east of Overlook Terrace from Nagle Avenue to West 181st Street. It was named after James Gordon Bennett, Sr., who founded the New York Herald newspaper. His name is also immortalized at Bennett Park in the heart of the neighborhood.
Other named or named streets in the environment include: Alex Rose Place (West 186th Street between Chittenden Avenue and Cabrini Boulevard) - Rose is a milliner born in Warsaw in 1898 who became president of United Hatters, Cap & amp; Millinery Workers Union, and founder in 1944 from the New York Liberal Party. Rose is considered a political king, and helps Fiorello H. LaGuardia and John Lindsay to reach the office as Mayor of New York City. Rose lives on 200 Cabrini Boulevard nearby.
Garden
Parks at Hudson Heights include:
- Fort Tryon Park - a 67 hectare (27 ha) park assembled by John D. Rockefeller Jr., was designed by the Olmsted Brothers and presented to the city in 1931. It is the site of The Cloisters, which houses a collection of art Medieval Art Museum of the Metropolitan.
- Bennett Park - the site of Fort Washington during the Revolutionary War, is an environmental park called James Gordon Bennett Sr., publisher of the New York Herald. It is the highest natural point location in Manhattan.
- J. Hood Wright Park - which is included in the definition of an expanded environment, is located between Fort Washington and Haven Avenues, and between West 173rd and 176th Streets. This is a neighborhood park named for James Hood Wright, a banker, finance and philanthropist, and includes a recreation center.
- Fort Washington Park - stretching along the Hudson River from West 155th Street to Dyckman Street, under the George Washington Bridge. These include Little Red Lighthouse.
Famous citizen
Notable current and former residents of Hudson Heights include:
- C. K. G. Billings, industrialist, industrious rider and eccentric tycoon; properties, Tryon Hall, form the base for Fort Tryon Park
- Jacob Birnbaum, an activist for the rights of Soviet Jews
- Rabbi Joseph Breuer, the religious leader
- Laurence Fishburne, actor
- Scott Goldstein, author, producer, director
- Henry Kissinger, diplomat and statesman
- Daniel D. McCracken, early computer pioneer, professor of City College of New York, and author of
- Dr. Charles V. Paterno, a dentist who became a real estate developer, he built the Hudson View Gardens and Castle Village, the two largest complexes in the neighborhood, the last on his own home site, known as "Paterno's Castle".
- Alex Rose, the labor leader
- James R. Russell, scholar of Ancient Near Eastern Sciences, Studies of Iran and Armenia, and Harvard University professor
- Rabbi Shimon Schwab, religious leader
- Dr. Ruth Westheimer, psychologist and former TV personality
In popular culture
The 1985 film We Were So Beloved tells the stories of Jews in the environment that escaped the Holocaust. The musical, which began in 2007, In The Heights , takes place on 181st Street and Fort Washington Avenue, and is written and produced by Lin-Manuel Miranda grown in northern Manhattan. That same year, The Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao, a novel by Junot Diaz, refers to an Anglo woman carrying a yoga mat in the neighborhood as a sign of gentrification; this book won the Pulitzer Prize for letters in 2008.
Gallery
References
Information notes
Quotes
Bibliografi
- Burrows, Edwin G. & amp; Wallace, Mike (1999), Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898 , New York: Oxford University Press, ISBNÂ 0-195-11634-8
- Feirstein, Sanna (2001), Penamaan New York: Manhattan Places & amp; Bagaimana Mereka Mendapat Nama Mereka, New York: New York University Press, ISBN 978-0-8147-2712-6
- Lowenstein, Steven M. (1989) Frankfurt on the Hudson: Komunitas Yahudi Jerman di Washington Heights, 1933-1983, Struktur dan Kebudayaannya Detroit: Wayne State University Press. ISBN: 0814319602
- Moskow, Henry (1978), Buku Jalanan: Sebuah Ensiklopedia Nama Jalan Manhattan dan Asal Usulnya, New York: Hagstrom Company, ISBN: 0823212750
- Putih, Norval; Willensky, Elliot & amp; Leadon, Fran (2010), Panduan AIA ke New York City (edisi ke-5), New York: Oxford University Press, ISBN 9780195383867
Tautan eksternal
- Media terkait dengan Hudson Heights, Manhattan di Wikimedia Commons
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments