Apple Inc. is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Cupertino, California, which designs, develops and sells consumer electronics, computer software, and online services. The company's hardware products include iPhone smartphones, iPad tablet computers, Mac personal computers, iPod portable media players, Apple Watch watches, Apple TV digital media players and HomePod smart speakers. Apple software includes MacOS and iOS operating system, iTunes media player, Safari web browser, and iLife and iWork creativity and productivity suite, as well as professional applications like Final Cut Pro, Logic Pro and Xcode. Its online services include iTunes Store, iOS App Store and Mac App Store, Apple Music, and iCloud.
Apple was founded by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne in April 1976 to develop and sell Apple I Wozniak's personal computer. It was entered as Apple Computer, Inc. in January 1977, and its computer sales, including Apple II, saw significant momentum and revenue growth for the company. Within a few years, Jobs and Wozniak hired a computer designer staff and had a production line. Apple went public in 1980 for instant financial success. Over the next few years, Apple sent a new computer featuring an innovative graphical user interface, and Apple's marketing ads for its products received widespread critical recognition. However, high prices of its products and limited software titles cause problems, as does power struggles between executives at the company. Jobs resigned from Apple and created his own company, NeXT.
As the market for personal computers is increasing, Apple computers are experiencing lower sales because the products are priced lower than competitors, especially those offered with the Microsoft Windows operating system. More executive shifting work took place at Apple until then CEO Gil Amelio in 1997 decided to buy NeXT to restore Jobs. Jobs regained the position of CEO, and began the process of rebuilding Apple's status, including opening Apple's own retail store in 2001, making software companies to create software title portfolios, and changing some of the hardware used on their computers. Again see success and return to profitability. In January 2007, Jobs announced that Apple Computer, Inc. will be renamed Apple Inc. to reflect its shifting focus toward consumer electronics. He also announced the iPhone, which received critical acclaim and significant financial success. In August 2011, Jobs resigned as CEO due to health complications, and Tim Cook became the new CEO. Two months later, Jobs died, marking the end of an era for the company.
Apple is the world's largest information technology company based on revenue and the second largest mobile phone maker in the world after Samsung. In February 2015, Apple became the first US company worth more than $ 700 Ã, billion. The company employs 123,000 full-time employees and maintains 499 retail stores in 22 countries by December 2017. It operates the iTunes Store, which is the world's largest music retailer. Starting January 2016, more than one billion Apple products are actively used worldwide.
Apple's annual revenue worldwide reaches $ 229 billion for fiscal year 2017. The company enjoys high brand loyalty and has repeatedly been ranked as the most valuable brand in the world. However, he received significant criticisms of his contractor's work practices, environmental and business practices, including anti-competitive behavior, and the origin of the source material.
Video Apple Inc.
Histori
1976-84: Pendirian dan penggabungan
Apple Computer Company was founded on April 1, 1976, by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne. The company's first product was Apple I, a self-designed and hand-made computer by Wozniak, and was first shown to the public at Homebrew Computer Club. My Apple is sold as a motherboard (with CPU, RAM, and basic text-video chip), which is less than what is now considered a complete personal computer. My Apple went on sale in July 1976 and was marketed for $ 666.66 ($ 2,867 in 2017 dollars, adjusted for inflation).
Apple Computer, Inc. was founded on January 3, 1977, without Wayne, who left and sold his share of the company back to Jobs and Wozniak for $ 800 just weeks after Apple founded the company. Multimillionaire Mike Markkula provides important business expertise and funding of $ 250,000 during Apple's merger. During the first five years operating income grew exponentially, doubling every four months. Between September 1977 and September 1980, annual sales grew from $ 775,000 to $ 118 million, an average annual growth rate of 533%.
Apple II, also created by Wozniak, was introduced on April 16, 1977, at the first West Coast Computer Faire. This is different from its main rivals, TRS-80 and Commodore PET, due to cell-based color graphics and open architecture. While the early Apple II models used ordinary cassettes as storage devices, they were replaced by the introduction of 5 1 / 4 -inch floppy disk drive and interface called Disk II. Apple II was voted the desktop platform for the first "killer app" in the business world: VisiCalc, a spreadsheet program. VisiCalc creates a business market for Apple II and gives the user additional home-based reasons to buy Apple II: office compatibility. Prior to VisiCalc, Apple had become a third contender away from Commodore and Tandy.
In the late 1970s, Apple had a staff of computer designers and production lines. The company introduced Apple III in May 1980 in an effort to compete with IBM and Microsoft in the business and corporate computing markets. Jobs and several Apple employees, including Jef Raskin, visited Xerox PARC in December 1979 to see Xerox Alto. Xerox gave Apple engineers access to the PARC facility three days in exchange for an option to buy 100,000 shares (800,000 shares with separate shares) from Apple at a pre-IPO price of $ 10 per share.
Jobs soon believed that all future computers would use a graphical user interface (GUI), and GUI development started for Apple Lisa. However, in 1982, he was encouraged from Lisa's team because of the dispute. Jobs took over the cheap computer project Jef Raskin, Macintosh. The race broke out between Lisa's team and the Macintosh team where the product will be delivered first. Lisa won the race in 1983 and became the first personal computer to be sold public with the GUI, but failed commercially because of its high price and limited software titles.
On December 12, 1980, Apple became public for $ 22 per share, generating more capital than any IPO since Ford Motor Company in 1956, and soon created 300 millionaires.
1984-91: Success with Macintosh
In 1984, Apple launched the Macintosh, the first personal computer to be sold without a programming language. His debut was marked by "1984", a $ 1.5 million television commercial directed by Ridley Scott aired during the third quarter of the Super Bowl XVIII on January 22, 1984. This ad is now hailed as a watershed. event for Apple's success and called "masterpiece" by CNN and one of the greatest ads of all time by TV Guide .
The Macintosh initially sold well, but continued sales were not strong due to the high price and limited range of software titles. Machine fortunes change with the introduction of LaserWriter, the first PostScript laser printer sold at a reasonable price, and PageMaker, the initial desktop publishing package. It has been argued that the combination of these three products is responsible for creating desktop publishing markets. The Macintosh is very powerful in the desktop publishing market because of its advanced graphics capabilities, which of course is built to create an intuitive Macintosh GUI.
In 1985, a power struggle developed between Jobs and CEO John Sculley, who had been hired two years earlier. The board of directors of Apple instructed Sculley to "load" Jobs and limit its ability to launch costly forays into untested products. Instead of submitting to Sculley's direction, Jobs tried to get rid of him from his leadership role at Apple. Sculley found that Jobs had tried to set up a coup and hold a board meeting in which Apple's board of directors sided with Sculley and removed Jobs from his managerial duties. Jobs resigned from Apple and founded NeXT Inc. in the same year. Wozniak also left Apple in 1985 to pursue other ventures, stating that the company has been "in the wrong direction for the past five years".
After Jobs and Wozniak's departure, the Macintosh product line has shifted a steady focus to a higher price point, called a "high-rights policy" called for a position on the price vs earnings chart. Jobs argued that the company had to produce products intended for the consumer market and aimed at $ 1000 for the Macintosh, which they could not find. New models sold at higher price points offer higher profit margins, and do not seem to have any effect on total sales because power users are jolted everytime the power increases. Although some were worried about self-esteem coming out of the market, the high-right policy was fully in effect in the mid-1980s, mainly due to the Jean-Louis GassÃÆ'Â Â © e spell "fifty-five or die", referring to the 55% profit margin of the Macintosh II.
This policy began to backfire in the last years of this decade as new desktop publishing programs appeared in PC clones that offered some or much of the same functionality from the Macintosh but at a much lower price. The company lost its monopoly in this market, and has alienated many of its original customer base that can no longer afford to buy their expensive products. The 1989 Christmas season was the first in the history of the company to experience a drop in sales, and led to a 20% drop in Apple's stock price. GassÃÆ' Â © e's objections were denied, and he was forced from the company in 1990. Later that year, Apple introduced three lower cost models, Macintosh Classic, Macintosh LC and Macintosh IIsi, all of whom saw significant sales due to pent-up demand.
In 1991, Apple introduced PowerBook, replacing the Macintosh Portable "luggable" with a design that governs the current shape for almost all modern laptops. That same year, Apple introduced System 7, a major upgrade to the operating system that added color to the interface and introduced new network capabilities. It remains the basic architecture for Classic Mac OS. The success of PowerBook and other products bring increased revenue. For some time, Apple did very well, introducing fresh new products and generating increased profits in the process. MacAddict magazine mentions the period between 1989 and 1991 as the "first golden age" of the Macintosh.
Apple believes the Apple II series is too expensive to produce and take sales from a low-end Macintosh. In the 1990s, Apple released the Macintosh LC, and began an effort to promote the computer by advising developer technical support staff to recommend developing apps for Macintosh rather than Apple II, and authorizing salespeople to drive consumers to Macintosh and away from Apple II. Apple IIe was discontinued in 1993.
1991-97: Reject and restructure
The success of Apple's inexpensive consumer models, especially the LC, also leads to cannibalization of machines at higher prices. To overcome this, management introduced several new brands, selling mostly identical machines at different price points aimed at different markets. It's a high-end Quadra, a mid-range Centrum line, and a poorly performing Performance series. This causes significant market confusion, because customers do not understand the difference between models.
Apple also experimented with a number of other unsuccessful consumer target products during the 1990s, including digital cameras, portable CD audio players, speakers, video consoles, eWorld online services, and TV equipment. The enormous resources were also invested in the troubled Newton division and underpinned by unrealistic John Sculley market forecasts. Ultimately, none of these products help and Apple's market share and stock prices continue to slide.
During this period, Microsoft continued to gain market share with Windows by focusing on delivering software to personal computers of inexpensive commodities, while Apple provided a rich but technically rich experience. Apple relies on high profit margins and never develops a clear response; instead, they sued Microsoft for using a GUI similar to Apple Lisa at Apple Computer, Inc. v. Microsoft Corp. The lawsuit lasted for years before being terminated. At this time, a series of major product flops and a missed deadline tarnished Apple's reputation, and Sculley was replaced as CEO by Michael Spindler.
In the early 1990s, Apple was developing an alternative platform to the Macintosh, such as A/UX. The Macintosh platform itself is becoming obsolete because it is not built for multitasking and because some important software is routinely programmed into the hardware. In addition, Apple faces competition from OS/2 and UNIX vendors such as Sun Microsystems. Macintosh needs to be replaced with a new platform or reworked to run on more powerful hardware.
In 1994, Apple allied with IBM and Motorola in the AIM alliance with the goal of creating a new computing platform (PowerPC Reference Platform), which will use IBM and Motorola hardware coupled with Apple software. The AIM Alliance hopes that the performance of PReP and Apple software will leave the PC far behind and thus against Microsoft. That same year, Apple introduced the Power Macintosh, the first of many Apple computers to use the Motorola PowerPC processor.
In 1996, Spindler was replaced by Gil Amelio as CEO. Amelio made many changes at Apple, including extensive layoffs and cutting costs. After many unsuccessful attempts to improve Mac OS, first with the Taligent project and later with Copland and Gershwin, Amelio chose to buy NeXT and NeXTSTEP operating systems and bring Steve Jobs back to Apple.
1997-2007: Return to profitability
At the 1997 Macworld Exhibition, Jobs announced that Apple would join Microsoft to release a new version of Microsoft Office for the Macintosh, and that Microsoft had invested $ 150 million in unelected Apple shares. On November 10, 1997, Apple introduced the Apple Online Store, which is linked to a new build-to-order build strategy.
The NeXT agreement was settled on February 9, 1997, bringing Jobs back to Apple as an advisor. On July 9, 1997, Amelio was ousted by the board of directors after overseeing a record of three-year lows and paralyzing financial losses. Jobs acted as temporary CEO and began restructuring the company's product line; during this period he identified design talent Jonathan Ive, and the couple worked together to rebuild Apple's status.
On August 15, 1998, Apple introduced a new all-in-one computer that reminded the 128K: iMac Macintosh. The iMac design team is led by Ive, who will design the iPod and iPhone. IMac features modern technology and unique designs, and sold nearly 800,000 units in the first five months.
During this period, Apple completed many acquisitions to create a portfolio of digital production software for both professionals and consumers. In 1998, Apple purchased Macromedia's Key Grip software project, signaling an expansion into the digital video editing market. Sales are the result of Macromedia's decision to focus solely on web development software. The product, still unfinished at the time of sale, was given the new name "Final Cut Pro" when it was launched in the retail market in April 1999. The Key Handheld Development also caused Apple to release iMovie consumer video editing products in October 1999. Next, Apple successfully acquired the German company Astarte, which has developed DVD authoring technology, as well as the corresponding Astarte technical product and team in April 2000. The Astarte digital DVDirector tool was later converted into a professional-oriented DVD Studio Pro software product.. Apple then uses the same technology to create iDVD for the consumer market. In July 2001, Apple acquired Spruce Technologies, a PC DVD authoring platform, to incorporate their technology into a growing portfolio of digital video projects from Apple.
In 2002, Apple bought Nothing Real for their advanced digital coding app Shake, as well as Emagic for music productivity app Logic. The purchase of Emagic made Apple the first computer manufacturer to own a music software company. This acquisition was followed by Apple GarageBand consumer-level app development. The iPhoto launch in the same year complements the iLife suite.
Mac OS X, based on NeXT's OPENSTEP and BSD Unix, was released on March 24, 2001, after several years of development. Aimed at consumers and professionals, Mac OS X aims to combine the stability, reliability and security of Unix with the ease of use provided by the overhauled user interface. To assist users in migrating from Mac OS 9, the new operating system allows the use of OS 9 applications in Mac OS X through the Classical Environment.
On May 19, 2001, Apple opened its first official retail store in Virginia and California. On October 23 of the same year, Apple debuted with an iPod portable digital audio player. The product, which was first sold on November 10, 2001, has been phenomenally successful with more than 100 Ã, million units sold within six years. In 2003, Apple's iTunes Store was introduced. This service offers online music downloads for $ 0.99 songs and integration with iPod. ITunes Store quickly became the market leader in online music services, with over five billion downloads on June 19, 2008. Two years later, iTunes Store is the world's largest music retailer.
At the address of the World Developers Conference speaker on June 6, 2005, Jobs announced that Apple would start producing Intel-based Mac computers in 2006. On January 10, 2006, the new MacBook Pro and iMac became the first Apple computers to use Intel Core Duo CPUs. On August 7, 2006, Apple made the transition to Intel chips for the entire Mac product line - more than a year earlier than announced. Power Mac, iBook and PowerBook brands have retired during the transition; Mac Pro, MacBook, and MacBook Pro become their successors. On April 29, 2009, The Wall Street Journal reported that Apple is building its own team of engineers to design microchips. Apple also introduced Boot Camp in 2006 to help users install Windows XP or Windows Vista on their Intel Macs alongside Mac OS X.
Apple's success during this period is evident in its share price. Between early 2003 and 2006, Apple's share price increased more than tenfold, from about $ 6 per share (divided-adjusted) to over $ 80. In January 2006, Apple's market capitalization surpassed Dell. Nine years earlier, Dell CEO Michael Dell said that if he managed Apple he would "close it and return the money to shareholders." Although Apple's market share in computers has grown, it stays well behind Microsoft Windows competitors, accounting for about 8% of desktops and laptops in the US.
Since 2001, Apple's design team has been progressively abandoning the use of translucent plastic that was first used on the iMac G3. This design change begins with a titanium-made PowerBook and is followed by the iBook's white polycarbonate structure and the iMac flat panel.
2007-11: Success with mobile devices
During his speech at the Macworld Expo on January 9, 2007, Jobs announced that Apple Computer, Inc. will then be known as "Apple Inc.", as the company has shifted its emphasis from computer to consumer electronics. The event also saw the announcement of iPhone and Apple TV. The company sold 270,000 iPhone units during the first 30 hours of sales, and the device was called "game changer for industry". Apple will achieve widespread success with iPhone, iPod Touch and iPad products, which introduce innovations in mobile phones, portable music players and personal computers. Further, in early 2007, 800,000 Final Cut Pro users were registered.
In an article posted on Apple's website on February 6, 2007, Jobs wrote that Apple would be willing to sell music on iTunes Store without digital rights management (DRM), allowing tracks to be played on third-party players, if the record label would agree to drop technology. On April 2, 2007, Apple and EMI jointly announced the removal of DRM technology from the EMI catalog on the iTunes Store, effective in May 2007. Other record labels finally followed and Apple published a press release in January 2009 to announce changes related to the iTunes Store.
In July 2008, Apple launched the App Store to sell third party apps for iPhone and iPod Touch. Within a month, the store sold 60 Ã,/ million apps and recorded an average daily income of $ 1 Ã, million, with Jobs speculating in August 2008 that the App Store could be a billion-dollar business for Apple. As of October 2008, Apple is the third largest mobile phone handset supplier in the world due to the popularity of the iPhone.
On December 16, 2008, Apple announced that 2009 will be the last year the company will attend the Macworld Expo, after more than 20 years of attendance, and senior vice president of Worldwide Product Marketing Phil Schiller will deliver the 2009 primary address in lieu of the Expected Works. The official press release explains that Apple is "scaling back" at trade shows in general, including Macworld Tokyo and Apple Expo in Paris, France, largely because of the great success of Apple's Retail Store and its website has made trading show little promotional channels.
On January 14, 2009, Jobs announced in an internal memo that he would take a six month medical leave from Apple until the end of June 2009 and would spend time focusing on his health. In an email, Jobs stated that "the curiosity over my personal health continues to be a distraction not only for me and my family but everyone at Apple too", and explained that the break would allow the company "to focus on shipping exceptional products". Although Jobs was absent, Apple posted its best non-holiday quarter (Q1 FY 2009) during a recession with revenues of $ 8.16 Ã, billion and profit of $ 1.21 Ã, billion.
After years of speculation and some "leaks" rumored, Apple launched a large screen, a media device like a tablet known as the iPad on January 27, 2010. iPad runs the same touch-based operating system as the iPhone, and many iPhone apps are compatible with the iPad. It gives iPad a large app catalog at launch, although development time is very little before release. Later that year on April 3, 2010, iPad was launched in the US. It sold over 300,000 units on the first day, and 500,000 by the end of the first week. In May of the same year, Apple's market cap exceeded Microsoft's competitors for the first time since 1989.
In June 2010, Apple released the iPhone 4, which introduced video calling, multitasking, and a new uninsulated stainless steel design that acts as a telephone antenna. Later that year, Apple again refreshed the iPod line of MP3 players by introducing the multi-touch iPod Nano, iPod Touch with FaceTime, and iPod Shuffle that brought back the previous generation buttons. In addition, on October 20, Apple updated the MacBook Air laptops, iLife app packs, and launched Mac OS X Lion, the latest version under the name Mac OS X.
In October 2010, Apple shares reached the highest level of all time, surpassing $ 300.
On January 6, 2011, the company opened the Mac App Store, a digital software distribution platform similar to the iOS App Store.
Along with peer entities like Atari and Cisco Systems, Apple is featured in the Something Ventured documentary, which premiered in 2011 and explores the three decades era that led to the formation and dominance of Silicon Valley.
On January 17, 2011, Jobs announced in an internal Apple memo that he would take another medical leave for an unlimited amount of time so he could focus on his health. Chief Operating Officer Tim Cook assumes Jobs' day-to-day operations at Apple, although Jobs will remain "involved in key strategic decisions". Apple became the most valuable consumer brand in the world. In June 2011, Jobs surprisingly took the stage and launched iCloud, an online storage and syncing service for music, photos, files and software that replaces MobileMe, Apple's previous efforts in content syncing.
This will be the last product launch that Jobs will do before his death. It has been said that Apple has achieved efficiency in its supply chain so the company operates as a monopsonist (one buyer, many sellers) and can dictate terms to its suppliers. In July 2011, due to the American debt-sky crisis, Apple's financial reserves were slightly larger than the US Government.
On August 24, 2011, Jobs resigned from his position as CEO of Apple. He was replaced by Cook and Jobs as chairman of Apple. Prior to this, Apple does not have a chairperson and even has two co-lead director, Andrea Jung and Arthur D. Levinson, who went on to the title until Levinson was chairman of the board in November.
2011-present: Post-Steve Jobs era; Leadership Tim Cook
On October 5, 2011, Steve Jobs died, marking the end of the era for Apple. The first major product announcement by Apple after Jobs's graduation took place on January 19, 2012, when Apple's Phil Schiller introduced iBooks Textbooks for iOS and iBook Author for Mac OS X in New York City. Jobs has stated in his biography that he wants to rediscover the textbook industry and education.
From 2011 to 2012, Apple released iPhone 4S and iPhone 5, featuring enhanced camera, smart software assistant named Siri, and cloud-source data with iCloud; third and fourth generation iPads, featuring Retina displays; and the iPad Mini, which features a 7.9 inch screen in contrast to the 9.7 inch iPad screen. The launch was successful, with the iPhone 5 (released September 21, 2012) being Apple's biggest iPhone launch with more than two million pre-orders and three million iPad sales in three days after the iPad Mini and fourth-generation iPad launch (released November 3, 2012). Apple also released a third-generation MacBook Pro 13-inch with Retina display and new iMac and Mac Mini computers.
On August 20, 2012, Apple's rising stock price increased the company's market capitalization to a world record $ 624 Ã, billion. It beat the non-inflation record adjusted for market capitalization set by Microsoft in 1999. On August 24, 2012, the US jury ruled that Samsung had to pay Apple $ 1.05 billion (Ã, Â £ 665m) in damages in the intellectual property lawsuit. Samsung appealed against damages damages, which the Court reduced $ 450 Ã, million. The court further granted Samsung's request for a new trial. On November 10, 2012, Apple confirmed a global settlement that would reject all lawsuits between Apple and HTC up to that date, endorsing a ten-year license agreement for current and future patents between the two companies. It is estimated that Apple will generate $ 280 Ã, million a year from this deal with HTC.
The previous secret email written by Jobs a year before his death was presented during Apple Inc.'s lawsuit. v. Samsung Electronics Co. and became publicly available in early April 2014. With the subject line reading "Top 100Ã, - A," the email was sent to the company's 100 most senior employees and outlines Jobs's vision of the future of Apple Inc. below 10 subheadings. In particular, Jobs announced "Holy War with Google" for 2011 and scheduled a "new campus" for 2015.
In March 2013, Apple filed a patent for an augmented reality (AR) system that can identify objects in the live video stream and present information relating to these objects through layers of computer-generated information overlayed on real-world images. The company also made some high profile recruitment decisions in 2013. On July 2, 2013, Apple recruited Paul Deneve, Belgian President and CEO Yves Saint Laurent as vice president reporting directly to Tim Cook. The announcement of mid-October 2013 revealed that Burberry executives Angela Ahrendts will start as senior vice president at Apple in mid-2014. Ahrendts oversaw Burberry's digital strategy for nearly eight years and, during his tenure, sales increased to around US $ 3.2 billion and its shares more than tripled.
Together with Google Vint Cerf vice president and CEO AT & amp; T Randall Stephenson, Cook attends a closed meeting hosted by President Obama on 8 August 2013, in connection with government and Internet surveillance amid the NSA's Edward Snowden incident. On February 4, 2014, Cook met with Abdullah GÃÆ'¼l, President of Turkey, in Ankara to discuss the company's involvement in the Fatih project.
In the first quarter of 2014, Apple reported sales of 51 Ã, million iPhones and 26 Ã, million iPads, becoming the all-time quarterly sales record. It also experienced a significant increase in Mac sales over the years. This contrasts with a significant decrease in iPod sales. In May 2014, the company confirmed its intention to acquire the audio company Dr. Dre and Jimmy Iovine, Beats Electronics - a manufacturer of headphones and speaker products "Beats by Dr. Dre", and Beats Music music streaming service operator - for $ 3 Ã, billion, and to sell their products through Apple outlets and retailers. Iovine feels that the Beats are always "property" of Apple, because the company modeled itself after Apple's "unrivaled ability to marry culture and technology." The acquisition is the biggest purchase in Apple's history.
Apple has been at the top of Interbrand's annual Global Brand annual report for 4 consecutive years; 2013, 2014, 2015, and 2016, with an assessment of $ 178.1 Ã, billion.
In January 2016, it was announced that one billion Apple devices are being used actively around the world.
On May 12, 2016, Apple Inc. invested US $ 1 Ã, billion in Didi Chuxing, a Chinese competitor to Uber. Information reported in October 2016 that Apple has taken a board seat in Didi Chuxing, a move that James Vincent of The Verge speculated could be a strategic decision by Apple to earn more close to the car industry, especially the reported interest of Didi Chuxing on self-driving cars.
On June 6, 2016, Forbes released their list of companies ranked in revenue revenue. In the next fiscal year, Apple appears on the list as a top technology company. It ranks third, overall, with $ 233 billion in revenue. This is an upward movement of two points from the previous year's list.
On April 6, 2017, Apple launched Clip, an app that allows iPad and iPhone users to create and edit videos. This app provides a way to generate short videos to share with other users in Messaging, Instagram, Facebook and other social networking apps. Apple also introduced Live Titles for Clips that allows users to add text and animated titles directly using their voice.
In May 2017, Apple updated two web site designs. The public relations website "Apple Press Info" was changed to the "Apple Newsroom" site, which featured greater emphasis on image and therefore lower information density, and incorporated press releases, news and photographs. Overview "Apple Leadership" company executives are also refreshed, adding a simpler layout with prominent header images and two-column text fields. 9to5Mac records design similarities with some redesigned Apple apps on iOS 10, especially Apple Music and News software.
In June 2017, Apple announced HomePod, its intelligent speaker aimed to compete with Sonos and Amazon Echo. Near the end of the year, TechCrunch reports that Apple acquired Shazam, a company specializing in music, TV, movies, and ad recognition. The acquisition was confirmed a few days later, reportedly costing Apple $ 400 million, with media reports noting that the purchase looked like Apple's move to get data and tools to improve its Apple Music streaming service.
In April 2018, Apple announced its intention to drop the use of Intel chips and replace it with the "In-house" version in early 2020.
On June 5, 2018, Apple stopped OpenGL on all OSes and urged developers to use Metal as an alternative.
Maps Apple Inc.
Products
Mac
Mac is currently in production:
- iMac: The all-in-one consumer desktop computer, introduced in 1998.
- Mac Mini: The consumer sub-desktop computer, introduced in 2005.
- MacBook: Ultra-thin and ultra-portable notebooks, introduced in 2006 and relaunched in 2015.
- MacBook Pro: Professional notebook, introduced in 2006.
- Mac Pro: Workstation desktop computer, introduced in 2006.
- MacBook Air: Ultra-thin and ultra-portable notebook, introduced in 2008.
Apple sells a variety of computer accessories for Mac, including Display Thunderbolt, Magic Mouse, Magic Trackpad, Magic Keyboard, AirPort wireless networking products, and Time Capsule.
iPod
On October 23, 2001, Apple introduced the iPod digital music player. Several updated models have been introduced, and the iPod brand is now a market leader in portable music players with significant margins. Over 350 Ã, million units have been shipped as of September 2012. Apple has partnered with Nike to offer the Nike iPod Sports Kit, allowing runners to sync and monitor their travels with iTunes and the Nike website.
At the end of July 2017, Apple discontinued its iPod Nano and iPod Shuffle models, so only iPod Touch was available for purchase.
iPhone
At Macworld Conference & amp; Expo in January 2007, Steve Jobs introduced the long-anticipated iPhone, a convergence of smartphones and iPods with Internet. The first-generation iPhone was released on June 29, 2007, for $ 499 (4 GB) and $ 599 (8 GB) on an AT & T contract. On February 5, 2008, it was updated to have 16 GB of memory, in addition to the 8 GB and 4 GB models. It combines quad band GSM 2.5G and EDGE phones with features found on handheld devices, running small-scale versions of Apple Mac OS X (dubbed iPhone OS, later renamed iOS), with various Mac OS X apps like Safari and Mail. It also includes web-based applications and Dashboard like Google Maps and Weather. The iPhone has a 3.5-inch (89 mm) touchscreen, Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi (both "b" and "g").
The second version, iPhone 3G, was released on July 11, 2008, at a discount of $ 199 for the 8 GB version and $ 299 for the 16 GB version. This version adds support for 3G networks and GPS navigation assistance. The flat silver back and large antenna box of the original model is removed to support a shiny and curved black or white back. The software's capabilities are enhanced with the release of the App Store, which provides iPhone-compatible apps for download. On April 24, 2009, the App Store exceeded one billion downloads. On June 8, 2009, Apple announced iPhone 3GS. It provides additional updates to the device, including faster internal components, support for faster 3G speeds, video recording capabilities, and voice control.
At the Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) on June 7, 2010, Apple announced the redesigned iPhone 4. It featured a 960 × 640 display, an Apple A4 processor, improved gyroscope for games, 5MP camera with LED flash, front-facing VGA camera and FaceTime video calls. Shortly after its release, the reception problem was discovered by the consumer, due to the stainless steel bands around the edges of the device, which also functions as cell phone signals and Wi-Fi antennas. This problem is corrected by the "Case Bumper" which is distributed by Apple for free to all owners for several months. In June 2011, Apple took over Nokia to become the world's largest smartphone maker by volume. On October 4, 2011, Apple unveiled the iPhone 4S, which was first released on October 14, 2011. It features the Apple A5 processor and Siri voice assistant technology, the latter of which Apple acquired in 2010. It also comes with an updated 8MP camera with new optics. Apple embarked on a new accessibility feature, Made for iPhone Hearing Aids with iPhone 4S. Made for iPhone Hearing Aids has Live Listen feature, can help users hear conversations in noisy rooms or hear someone talking across the room. Apple sold 4 Ã, million iPhone 4S phones in its first three days of availability.
On September 12, 2012, Apple introduced the iPhone 5. It has a 4-inch display, 4G LTE connectivity, and an upgraded Apple A6 chip, among several other improvements. Two million iPhones were sold in twenty four pre-order hours and more than five million handsets were sold within the first three days of launch. After the launch of iPhone 5S and iPhone 5C, Apple set a new record for smartphone sales for the first weekend by selling more than nine million devices in its first three days of launch. The launch of the iPhone 5S and 5C was the first time Apple launched two models simultaneously.
The patent filed in July 2013 reveals the development of a new iPhone battery system that uses location data in combination with data on the user's habits to moderate the appropriate handset power settings. Apple is working towards a power management system that will provide features such as the iPhone's ability to estimate the length of time users will stay away from resources to modify energy usage and detection functions that adjust the fill rate to the best settings of the resource type used.
In a March 2014 interview, Apple designer Jonathan Ive used the iPhone as an example of Apple's ethos in creating life-changing high quality products. He explained that the phone was relatively expensive due to the intensive efforts that were used to make it:
We did not take long and made our way for fiscal reasons... quite the reverse. The body is made of one piece of aluminum machine... Everything is polished first to finish the mirror and then very fine textured, except for the Apple logo. The chamfers [smoothed-off edges] are cut with diamond-tipped cutters. Cutters usually do not last long, so we have to find ways to mass produce a long lasting. The camera cover is a sapphire crystal. Look at the details around the SIM card slot. This is amazing!
On September 9, 2014, Apple introduced the iPhone 6, in addition to the iPhone 6 Plus which both have a screen size of more than 4-inches. One year later, Apple introduced the iPhone 6S, and the iPhone 6S Plus, which introduced a new technology called 3D Touch, including a rear camera upgrade to 12 MP, and a FaceTime camera to 5 MP. On March 21, 2016, Apple introduced the iPhone SE which has a 4-inch screen size last used with 5S and has an internal hardware similar to 6S.
In July 2016, Apple announced that one billion iPhones had been sold.
On September 7, 2016, Apple introduced the iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus, which featured improved system and graphics performance, added water resistance, a new dual-camera rear system on the 7 Plus model, and, controversially, removed 3.5 mm jack headphones.
On September 12, 2017, Apple introduced the iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus, standing as an evolutionary update to previous phones with faster processors, improved display technology, improved camera systems, and wireless charging. The company also announced iPhone X, which radically alters the iPhone's hardware device, removes home buttons that support face recognition technology and displays a borderless design adjacent to wireless charging.
iPad
On January 27, 2010, Apple introduced their much anticipated media tablet, the iPad. It offers multi-touch interaction with multimedia formats including newspapers, e-books, photos, videos, music, word processing documents, video games and most existing iPhone apps using the 9.7 inch screen. It also includes Safari mobile version for web search, as well as access to the App Store, iTunes Library, iBookstore, Contacts, and Notes. Content can be downloaded over Wi-Fi and optional 3G services or synced through the user's computer. AT & amp; T was originally the only US provider of 3G wireless access to the iPad.
On March 2, 2011, Apple introduced the iPad 2, which has faster processors and cameras on the front and rear. It also added support for optional 3G services provided by Verizon other than AT & amp; T. Availability iPad 2 was initially limited as a result of the devastating earthquake and tsunami in Japan in March 2011.
The third-generation iPad was released on March 7, 2012, and was marketed as the "new iPad". It adds LTE service from AT & amp; T or Verizon, an improved A5X processor, and a Retina screen. The dimensions and form factor are relatively unchanged, with the new iPad being fraction thicker and heavier than previous versions and displaying minor position changes.
On October 23, 2012, Apple's fourth-generation iPad came out, marketed as "iPad with Retina display". It adds an enhanced A6X processor and replaces the traditional 30-pin dock connector with all-digital Lightning connector. Mini iPad also introduced. It features a reduced 7.9 inch screen and many of the same internal specifications as the iPad 2.
On October 22, 2013, Apple introduced the iPad Air and iPad Mini with Retina Display, both featuring the new 64-bit Apple A7 processor.
The Water 2 iPad was inaugurated on October 16, 2014. It adds better graphics and central processing and camera burst modes as well as minor updates. The Mini 3 iPad was unveiled at the same time.
Since its launch, iPad users have downloaded more than three billion applications. The total number of App Store downloads, in June 2015, over 100 Ã, billion.
On September 9, 2015, Apple announced iPad Pro, an iPad with 12.9-inch screen that supports two new accessories, Smart Keyboard and Apple Pencil. An updated iPad 4 Mini was announced at the same time. The 9.7-inch IPad Pro was announced on March 21, 2016. On June 5, 2017, Apple announced a new iPad Pro with a 10.5-inch screen to replace the 9.7-inch model and updated 12.9-inch model.
Apple Watch
The original Apple Watch smart watch announced by Tim Cook on September 9, 2014, was introduced as a product with health and fitness tracking. It was released on April 24, 2015.
The second generation of Apple Watch, Apple Watch Series 2, was released in September 2016, featuring greater water resistance, faster processor, and brighter display.
On September 12, 2017, Apple introduced the Apple Watch Series 3 that features LTE cellular connectivity, giving iPhone users unlimited privileges except for the setup process.
Apple TV
At the 2007 Macworld conference, Jobs showed Apple TV (formerly known as iTV), a set-top video set intended to bridge the sales of content from iTunes with high definition television. This device is connected to TV and user sync, either via Wi-Fi or wired network, with one iTunes computer library and streaming content of four extras. Apple TV originally included a 40a hard drive, GB for storage, including output for HDMI and component video, and video playback at a maximum resolution of 720p. On May 30, 2007, a 160 GB hard disk was released alongside existing 40 GB models. The software update, released on January 15, 2008, allows media to be purchased directly from Apple TV.
In September 2009, Apple stopped the original 40 GB Apple TV and now continues to produce and sell 160 GB of Apple TV. On September 1, 2010, Apple released a completely redesigned Apple TV. The new device is 1/4 size, runs quieter, and replaces the hard drive needs with streaming media from any iTunes library on the network along with 8 GB of flash memory to the downloaded media cache. Like iPad and iPhone, Apple TV runs on A4 processor. The memory included in the device is half of that on iPhone 4 at 256 MB; just like iPad, iPhone 3GS, third and fourth generation iPod Touch.
It has HDMI as the only source of video. Features include access to the iTunes Store to rent movies and TV shows (purchases have been stopped), streaming from internet video sources, including YouTube and Netflix, and streaming media from the iTunes library. Apple also reduced device prices to $ 99. The third-generation device was introduced at the Apple event on March 7, 2012, with new features such as higher resolution (1080p) and a new user interface.
On September 9, 2015, Apple unveiled the revamped Apple TV, which now runs a macOS variant, called tvOS, and contains 32GB or 64GB NAND Flash for storing games, programs, and to store current media. This release also coincides with the opening of the separate Apple TV App Store and the new Siri Remote with glass touchpad, gyroscope, and microphone.
On September 12, 2017, Apple released a new 4K Apple TV with a form factor similar to the 4th Generation model. The 4K model is powered by an in-house SoC A10X that also supports their second-generation iPad Pro. The 4K model also has support for high dynamic range.
HomePod
Apple's first smart speaker, HomePod was released on February 9, 2018 after being delayed from early December 2017 release. It also features 7 tweeters on the base, a four-inch woofer at the top, and six microphones for voice control and acoustic optimization
Software
Apple developed its own operating system to run on its devices, including macOS for Mac personal computers, iOS for iPhone, iPad and iPod Touch smartphones and tablets, watchOS for Apple Watch smartwatch and tvOS for Apple digital media player.
For iOS and macOS, Apple also develops its own software titles, including Pages for writing, Numbers for spreadsheets, and Keynote for presentations, as part of its iWork productivity package. For macos, it also offers iMovie and Final Cut Pro X for video editing, and GarageBand and Logic Pro X for music creation.
The Apple server software suite includes the MacOS Server operating system; Apple Remote Desktop, remote management system applications; and Xsan, file system storage area network.
Apple also offers online services with iCloud, which provides cloud storage and synchronization for a variety of user data, including documents, photos, music, device backups and app data, and Apple Music, a music and video streaming service.
Electric vehicles
According to Sydney Morning Herald, Apple wants to start producing electric cars with autonomous driving as soon as 2020. Apple has made efforts to recruit battery development engineers and other electric car engineers from A123 Systems, LG Chem, Samsung Electronics, Panasonic, Toshiba, Johnson Controls and Tesla Motors.
Apple Apps Apple Energy
Apple Energy, LLC is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Apple Inc. which sells solar energy. As of June 6, 2016, Apple solar farms in California and Nevada have been declared to provide 217.9 megawatt solar power generation capacity. In addition to the company's solar energy production, Apple has received regulatory approval to build a landfill gas energy plant in North Carolina. Apple will use methane emissions to generate electricity. Apple North Carolina data centers are fully supported with energy from renewable sources.
Corporate identity
Logo
According to Steve Jobs, the company's name was inspired by his visit to an apple farm while undergoing a fruit diet. Jobs considered the name "Apple" to be "fun, excited, and not intimidating".
Apple's first logo, designed by Ron Wayne, depicts Sir Isaac Newton sitting under an apple tree. It was almost immediately replaced by the "rainbow of Apple" Rob Janoff, a rainbow-colored silhouette now familiar from an apple with a bite taken from him. Janoff presented Jobs with several different monochromatic themes for the "bitten" logo, and Jobs immediately liked it. However, Jobs insisted that the logo was colored to humanize the company. The logo is designed with a bite so it will not be confused with cherries. Colored lines are conceived to make logos more accessible, and to represent the fact Apple II can produce color charts. This logo is often mistakenly referred to as a tribute to Alan Turing, with a reference bite mark to the suicidal method. Neither Janoff nor Apple denied any respect to Turing in designing the logo.
On August 27, 1999 (the year after the introduction of the iMac G3), Apple officially dropped the rainbow scheme and began using monochromatic logos almost identical to the previous rainbow incarnation. The Aqua version of the monochrome logo was used from 1998 to 2003, and glass-themed versions were used from 2007 to 2013.
Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak are fans of the Beatles, but Apple Inc. has the name and trademark issue of the logo with Apple Corps Ltd., a multimedia company started by the Beatles in 1967. This resulted in a series of lawsuits and tensions between the two companies. These issues ended with the settlement of their lawsuit in 2007.
Ads
Apple's first slogan, "Byte into an Apple", was created in the late 1970s. From 1997 to 2002, the slogan "Think Different" was used in ad campaigns, and is still closely tied to Apple. Apple also has a slogan for certain product lines - for example, "iThink, therefore iMac" was used in 1998 to promote iMac, and "Say hello to iPhone" has been used in iPhone advertisements. "Hello" is also used to introduce the original Macintosh, Newton, iMac ("hello (again)"), and iPod.
Since the introduction of the Macintosh in 1984, with the 1984 Super Bowl ad to the more modern 'Get Mac' ad, Apple has been recognized for its effective advertising and marketing efforts for its products. However, claims made by the campaign were later criticized, particularly the Power Mac 2005 ads. Apple product ads received much attention as a result of eye-catching graphics and interesting tones. Musicians who benefit from enhanced profiles as a result of their songs included in Apple ads include Canadian Feist singers with songs "1234" and Yael NaÃÆ'¯m with the song "New Soul".
Apple has a YouTube channel where they release advertisements, tips, and introductions for their devices.
Brand allegiance
Apple customers gained a reputation for loyalty and loyalty early in the company's history. BYTE in 1984 states that
There are two types of people in the world: people who say Apple is not just a company, that's why; and people who say Apple is not the cause, it's just a company. Both groups were right. Nature has suspended the principle of non-contradiction in which Apple worries.
Apple is more than a company because its foundation has some quality myths... Apple is two people in a garage that runs the mission of bringing computing power, once reserved for large corporations, to ordinary individuals on a regular budget. The growth of a company from two to a billion-dollar company gives the example of the American Dream. Even as a large company, Apple plays David for IBM's Goliath, and thus has a sympathetic role in the myth.
Apple evangelists are actively involved by the company at one time, but this is after the phenomenon has been fully established. Apple evangelist Guy Kawasaki calls the brand fanatism "something stumble," while Ive explains in 2014 that "People have a very personal relationship" with Apple products. Aperture Apple Store and new product releases can attract a crowd of hundreds, with several queuing as many as the day before the opening. The opening of New Fifth Avenue's "Cube" store in New York City in 2006 became a marriage proposal setting, and had visitors from Europe flying for the event. In June 2017, a newlywed couple took their wedding photos inside the newly opened Orchard Road Apple Store in Singapore. High brand loyalty levels have been criticized and ridiculed, applying the nickname "Apple fanboy" and mocking long lines before product launch. A leaked internal memo by 2015 suggests the company plans to prevent long lines and direct customers to purchase its products on its website.
Fortune calls Apple the most admired company in the United States in 2008, and in the world from 2008 to 2012. On September 30, 2013, Apple surpassed Coca-Cola to become the most valuable brand in the world. Omnicom Group's "Best Global Brands" report. Boston Consulting Group has placed Apple as the most innovative brand in the world every year since 2005.
The New York Times in 1985 stated that "Apple is above all a marketing company". John Sculley agreed, telling the newspaper Guardian in 1997 that "People are talking about technology, but Apple is a marketing company that's a marketing company of the decade." A 2002 study by NetRatings shows that the average Apple consumer is usually more affluent and better educated than any other PC company consumer. Research shows that this correlation can stem from the fact that the average Apple Inc. product more expensive than other PC products.
Responding to a question about devoted Apple customer devotion, Jonathan Ive replied:
What people respond to is much larger than the object. They respond to something rare - a group of people who do more than just make things work, they make the best product they can. This is a demonstration against carelessness and carelessness.
Home page
Apple's website pages have been used to commemorate, or pay homage to, important events and events beyond Apple's product offerings:
- 2018: Martin Luther King Jr.
- 2017: Martin Luther King Jr.
- 2016: Muhammad Ali
- 2016: Bill Campbell (board member and friend)
- 2016: Martin Luther King Jr.
- 2014: Robin Williams
- 2015: Martin Luther King Jr.
- 2013: Nelson Mandela
- 2012: Steve Jobs
- 2011: Steve Jobs
- 2010: Jerome B. York (board member)
- 2007: Al Gore (councilor in honor of his Nobel Peace Prize)
- 2005: Rosa Parks
- 2003: Gregory Hines
- 2001: George Harrison
Headquarters
Apple Inc. corporate headquarters located in the center of Silicon Valley, at 1-6 Infinite Loop, Cupertino, California. The Apple campus has six buildings that are 850,000 square feet (79,000 m 2 ) and built in 1993 by Sobrato Development Cos.
Apple has a satellite campus in the neighboring state of Sunnyvale, California, where it serves as a testing and research laboratory. The article published by AppleInsider in March 2014 claimed that Apple had kept a secret facility where it developed the SG5 electric vehicle project codenamed "Titan" under the company name of Shell SixtyEight Research.
In 2006, Apple announced its intention to build a second campus in Cupertino about 1 mile (1.6 km) east of the current campus and next to Interstate 280. The new campus building has been designed by Norman Foster. The Cupertino City Council approved the design campus of the "spacecraft" proposed on October 15, 2013, following Jobs's 2011 presentation detailing the new architectural design of the building and its environment. The new campus is planned to accommodate up to 13,000 employees in one central building, four floors, surrounded by a vast landscape. It will feature cafes with space for 3,000 people sitting and underground parking as well as in the parking structure. The 2.8 million-square foot facility will also include Jobs' original design for the company's fitness center and auditorium.
Apple has expanded its campus in Austin, Texas along with building Apple Park in Cupertino. The expansion consists of two locations, with one having 1.1 Ã, million square meters of work space, and another 216,000 square feet. At the largest location, 6,000 employees work on technical support, managing Apple's suppliers network to deliver product deliveries, helping maintain iTunes Store and App Store, handle the economy, and keep Apple Maps updated with new data. On the smaller campus, 500 engineers are working on next-generation processor chips to run Apple products in the future.
Apple Headquarters for Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA) is located in Cork in southern Ireland. The facility, which opened in 1980, is Apple's first location outside of the United States. Apple Sales International, which handles all Apple's international sales outside the United States, is located on the Apple campus in Cork along with Apple Distribution International, which also handles Apple's international distribution network. On April 20, 2012, Apple added 500 new jobs at its headquarters in Europe, increasing the total workforce from about 2,800 to 3,300 employees. The company will build a new office block on the Hollyhill Campus to accommodate additional staff. Its British Headquarters are in Stockley Park on the outskirts of London.
In February 2015, Apple opened their new 180,000 square foot base in Herzliya, Israel, which will house about 800 employees. This opening is Apple's third office located in Israel; the first, also in Herzliya, was acquired as part of the Anobit acquisition, and the other was a research center in Haifa.
In December 2015, Apple purchased a 70,000 square foot manufacturing facility in North San Jose previously used by Maxim Integrated, in a $ 18.2 million deal.
Shop
The first Apple store was originally opened as two sites in May 2001 by past CEO Steve Jobs, after years of trying but failing to keep the store-in-store concept. Looking at the need to improve the retail presentation of the company's products, he began an effort in 1997 to change the retail program to get better relationships with consumers, and employ Ron Johnson in 2000. Jobs relaunched Apple's online store in 1997, and open that per
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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